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12 grade > anatomy Ch 5 test review (notes) > Flashcards

anatomy Ch 5 test review (notes) Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

composed of 126 bones, limbs (appendages), pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

A

appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

bones increase in diameter

A

appositional growth

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4
Q

first cervical vertebra

A

atlas

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5
Q

second cervical vertebra

A

axis

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6
Q

elongated shaft of the long bone

A

diaphysis

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7
Q

double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone

A

periosteum

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8
Q

dense, looks smooth and homogeneous

A

compact bone

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9
Q

composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space

A

spongy bone

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10
Q

yellow marrow, the cavity of the shaft is primarily a storage area for adipose (fat) tissue

A

medullary cavity

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11
Q

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

A

osteoclasts

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12
Q

bone-forming cells

A

osteoblasts

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13
Q

a mature bone cells

A

osteocytes

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14
Q

system of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage

A

skeletal system

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15
Q

allows the lengthwise growth of bone, flat plate of hyaline cartilage in young, growing bone

A

epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

blood-filled swelling, first stage in the healing of a bone fracture

A

hematoma

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17
Q

breaks

A

fractures

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18
Q

restoring broken bone ends (or a dislocated bone) to its original position

A

reduction

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19
Q

C1 to C7, concave, form neck region to spine

A

cervical vertebrae

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20
Q

T1 to T12, convex, all typical, only vertebrae to articulate with the ribs

A

thoracic vertebrae

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21
Q

L1 to L5, concave, sturdiest of the vertebrae because of all the pressure from body weight

A

lumbar vertebrae

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22
Q

5 pairs, attach indirectly to the sternum or are not attached to the sternum at all

A

false ribs

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23
Q

last 2 pairs of false ribs, lack the sternal attachments

A

floating ribs

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24
Q

two bony protuberances by which muscles are attached to the upper femur

A

trochanter

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25
articulations, the junction of two or more bones
joints
26
accumulation of uric acid in the blood causes sever pain on one joint, typically the big toe
Gout
27
inflammation in the Joints
arthritis
28
an increased softening of the bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation; a common condition in older people
osteoporosis
29
most common form of arthritis, chronic degenerative condition that typically affects the aged
Osteoarthritis (OA)
30
chronic inflammatory disorder
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
31
stretching or tearing of ligaments
sprain
32
upper back abnormal spine curvature
kyphosis
33
lower back abnormal spine curvature
lordosis
34
spine shifts left or right from original position
scoliosis
35
functions of the skeletal system
support the body, protection of soft organs, allow movement via attached muscles, store minerals and fats, blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
36
parts of skeletal system
bones (skeleton), joints, cartilages, ligaments
37
classification of bones (4)
short, flat, long, irregular
38
typically longer than they are wide, shaft with enlarged ends, contain mostly compact bones
long bone
39
Examples of long bone
femur, humerus
40
thin, flattened, and usually curved, two thin layers of compact bone sandwich a layer of spongy bone between them
flat bones
41
examples of flat bone
most bones of the skull, ribs, sternum
42
generally cubed-shaped, contain mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone, sesamoid bones are a type of this bone that form within tendons (patella)
short bones
43
examples of short bone
carpals, tarsals
44
irregular shape, do not fit into other bone classification categories
irregular bones
45
examples of irregular bone
vertebrae, hip bones
46
remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones
epiphyseal line
47
where the spine meets the skull
foramen Magnum
48
what holds in the head of the humerus
glenoid cavity
49
end of long bone
epiphysis
50
covers the external surface of the epiphysis, made of hyaline cartilage, decreases friction
articular cartilage
51
lines the inner surface of the shaft, made of connective tissue
endosteum
52
cavity inside the shaft, contains yellow marrow, (mostly flat) in adults, contains red marrow for blood cell formation until age 6 or 7
medullary cavity
53
sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, passages for nerves and blood vessels
bone markings
54
projections or processes
grow out from the bone surface (all protections being with "T") category of bone markings
55
depressions or cavities
depressions or cavities- indentions (all depression begin with "F") (except facet)category of bone markings,
56
3-5 fused bones in the spine
sacrum, coccyx
57
immovable joints (functional)
synarthroses
58
slightly moveable joints (functional)
amphiarthrosis
59
freely moveable joints (functional)
diarthroses
60
immovable joints (instructional )
fibrous joints
61
slightly moveable (instructional)
cartilaginous joints
62
freely moveable (instructional)
synovial joints
63
the articular surfaces are essentially flat, and only short slipping or gliding movements are allowed. EX: carpals
plane joint
64
the cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another bone. EX: humerus
Hinge joint
65
the rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone (and possibly ligaments) EX: ulna to radius
pivot joint
66
(knuckle-like) the egg-shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another EX: metacarpals to phalanges
condyloid joint
67
each articular surface has both convex and concave areas, like a saddle. EX: carpals to metacarpals
saddle joints
68
the spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another. EX: head of humerus to scapula
ball-and-socket joint
69
bone thinning disease, makes bones fragile and can easily fracture, vertebral collapse results in Kyphosis (dowager's hump)
osteoporosis
70
bone breaks into many fragments
comminuted
71
bone is crushed
compression
72
broken bone portion is pressed inward
depression
73
broken bone ends are forced into each other
impacted
74
ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
spiral
75
bone breaks in completely, much in the way green twig breaks
greenstick

12 grade (49 decks)

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