Anatomy Chapter 13- Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

Question

Non-encapsulated (free) nerve endings

Answer 1

Dendritic ends of sensory receptors have no covering on them Abundant in epithelia and connective tissue (anywhere) Respond to pain and temperature (noci and thermo)

Answer 2

1. Itch - histamine 2. Light Pressure - Merkel cells (hair stimulates free nerve endings - bug on skin) 3. Light touch specifically for hair (mechanoreceptor) - hair follicle where nerve endings wrap around it and respond to changes in hair and hair follicle

Answer 3

Densritic endings are enclosed in a capsule

Answer 4

1. Tactile corpuscles 2. Lamellar Corpuscles 3. Bulbous corpuscles 4. Muscle Spindles 5. Tendon Organs 6. Joint Kinesthetic Receptor

Answer 5

Found in dermal papillae of hairless skin Important for light touch sensation

Answer 6

Located deep in dermis Stimulated by onset of deep pressure

Answer 7

Located in dermis, subcutaneous tissue and joint capsules Respond to deep, continuous pressure

Answer 8

proprioceptors found in tissue wrapped around skeletal muscle Detect muscle stretch and initiates reflexes to resist excessive stretching

Answer 9

Proprioceptors of tendons Initiates reflex that eelaces skeletal muscle to prevent damage to tendon Responsible for monitoring the stretch found in the tendon

Answer 10

Proprioceptor monitoring stretch in joints Provide information about joint position and motion Prevents dislocation

Answer 11

Awareness of a change in external/internal environment

Answer 12

How we interpret the stimuli

Answer 13

Sensory system that specifically serves body wall and limbs Input from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors

Answer 14

1. Receptor level 2. Circuit level 3. Perceptual level

Answer 15

Sensation will only occur if a stimulus activates a receptor and if the action potentials reach the CNS 1. Stimulus must match receptor specificity 2. Stimulus must be applied within receptor's receptive field 3. Stimulus energy must be converted to a graded potential 4. Graded potentials must reach threshold for sensory receptor to generate an action potential

Answer 16

How large or small the field is depends on what part of the body it is and what sensation its responsible for changing to

Answer 17

Delivering impulses to appropriate region of the cerebral cortex

Answer 18

Sensory input is interpreted at the cerebral cortex Identifying the sensation depends on the target neurons of the cerebral cortex

Answer 19

Sharp- occurs at onset of injury (small, myelinated fibers - message sent very quickly to brain) Burning- Occurs after sharp pain (small, unmyelinated fibers - message sent slowly to the brain)

Answer 20

Suppress feling of pain

Answer 21

Noxious stimulation of receptors of the thorax and abdominal cavity Example- Extreme stretching of tissue

Answer 22

Pain stimuli arising from one part of the body are perceived as coming from another part

Answer 23

Cordlike organ that is part of the peripheral nervous system consisting of parallel bindles of peripheral axons enclose by connective tissue wrappings

Answer 24

Afferent Efferent Mixed

Answer 25

Sensory and motor to and from the sensory nervous system

Answer 26

Axons wrapped with this connective tissue that prevents unauthorized sending of information

Answer 27

Groups of axons that are bundled together by perineuron

Answer 28

Fascicles bundled together to form the true nerve This is the actual nerve

Answer 29

CNS- cannot regenerate and die PNS- Capable of regeneration IF cell body isn't damaged and the severed ends are close together (will not be as good as before)

Answer 30

1. Injury occurs- Axon is damaged and distal portions will degenerate 2. Clean-up- Macrophages invade the area and dying portions are destroyed 3. Axon regeneration begins- hairs coming together with both ends - Schwann cells release growth factor to stimulate growth and form a "tube" to fuse with one another properly 4. Completion of regeneration - Form complete axon and Schwann cells form the myelin sheath around new axon (smaller diameter)

Answer 31

Olfactory - S Optic - S Oculomotor - M Trochlear - M Trigeminal - B Abducens - M Facial - B A/Vestibulocochlear - S Glossopharyngeal - B Vagus - B Spinal accessory - M Hypoglossal - M

Answer 32

nerves associated with olfaction (smell)

Answer 33

nerves associated with vision Vision, light intensity From retina

Answer 34

supplies four of the six extrinsic eye muscles the move the eyeball

Answer 35

innervates extrinsic eye muscle that depresses the eye and turns it laterally (superior oblique)

Answer 36

supplies sensory fibers to the face and motor fibers to the chewing muscles Pain, touch, and temperature on our faces

Answer 37

controls extrinsic eye muscle that abducts the eye (the lateral rectus muscle) Abduct the eye (turning towards the temple)

Answer 38

innervates muscle for facial expression, contributes to taste Tongue (2/3rds)

Answer 39

Hearing and balance Auditory nerve

Answer 40

innervates tongue for taste & general senses, innervates pharynx for general senses, innervates muscles of the pharynx for swallowing Innervate muscle from the pharynx for swallowing foods or liquids

Answer 41

fibers extend to and supply sensory & motor fibers to the organs of the thorax and abdomen

Answer 42

supplies motor fibers to muscles that move the head and neck

Answer 43

innervates muscles of the tongue and under the tongue to allow movement of the tongue for chewing, speech, swallowing

Answer 44

Provides sensory and motor fibers to tyhe skin and muscles of the back

Answer 45

Provides sensory and motor fibers to lateral and ventral walls and to the upper and lower limbs

Answer 46

Ventral rami branch to form these nerve networks

Answer 47

cutaneous nerves that supply the neck, ear, back of the head, and shoulders C1 - C4

Answer 48

provides fibers that supply the upper body limbs C5-C8, T1

Answer 49

Lumbar plexus and sacral plexus have large degree of overlap Anterior and medial portion of the leg

Answer 50

innervates parts of abdominal wall muscle, major branches innervate anterior & medial thigh

Answer 51

innervates buttocks and posterior aspect of lower limbs, pelvic structures and perineum Lumbosacral trunk function

Answer 52

Some fibers of lumbar plexus contribute to the sacral plexus through this passage

Answer 53

Ventral rami in the thorax do not form plexuses but are arranged in a segmental pattern serve intercostal muscles between ribs, skin of anterolateral thorax, and most of abdominal wall (arranged segmentally)

Answer 54

Dorsal rami innervate posterior body trunk in segmental pattern each dorsal ramus innervates narrow strip of muscle & skin at same area where it emerges from spinal column

Answer 55

Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve Provides sensory details of the skin to the brain

Answer 56

1. Intrinsic 2. Acquired

Answer 57

Unlearned, unpremeditated, and involuntary Built in responses Making fast adjustments to body posture after losing balance

Answer 58

Results form practice or repetition learned responses Driving a car

Answer 59

1. Receptor - site of stimulus action 2. Sensory neuron - transmits afferent impulses to the CNS 3. Integration center - Synpases found in the CNS (spinal cord) 4. Motor neuron - Conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to effector organ 5. Effector - muscle fiber or gland that responds to the impulse

Answer 60

Any somatic reflex that is mediated by the spinal cord

Answer 61

1. Stretch 2. Tendon 3. Flexor and Cross-Extension Reflexes

Answer 62

Ensures that a muscle stays at its optimal length prevents damage to muscle and tendon by causing a muscle to contract when the muscle is stretched too far

Answer 63

Stretch reflex Have only a single synapse between the sensory neuron and a motor neuron

Answer 64

Stretch reflex The stimulus and response occur on the same side of the body

Answer 65

Provide information about the length of a particular muscle Function as proprioceptors When stretched, muscle spindle sends impulses at higher frequency

Answer 66

1. Tap the patellar ligament 2. Send a sensory impulse straight to the spinal cord 3. Motor response sent back out through fibers in the quadriceps muscle Quadricep contracts (knee extends) Neural fibers go to the hamstring muscle as well and it will cause the knee to go back so that the quadricep does not overextend the knee Antagonistic

Answer 67

prevents damage to muscle by causing the muscle to relax when tension force (during muscle contraction) becomes so great it can damage the muscle

Answer 68

Provide information about the amount of tensin in a muscle and its associated tendons Muscles relax and lengthen in response to an action Prevents damage due to excessive stretch

Answer 69

Tendon reflex Involve multiple synapses with chains of interneurons

Answer 70

Initiated by painful stimuli Protection/survival mechanism

Answer 71

Often accompanies flexor reflex maintaining balance on the other side of the body

Answer 72

Crossed-Extensor reflex The stimulus and response occur on opposite sides of the body

Anatomy Chapter 13- Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

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