Anatomy Checksheet Flashcards
what is a haemothroax?
blood in the pleural cavity
what is a pneumothorax?
air in the pleural cavity
what is a chylothorax?
lymph accumulates in chest cavity
what is an empyema?
pockets of pus in the pleural cavity
what is the function of the end-thoracic fascia?
The endothoracic fascia contains variable amounts of fat. It becomes more fibrous over the apices of the lungs as the suprapleural membrane. It separates the internal thoracic artery from the parietal pleura.
what is the origin, course and function of the phrenic nerve?
originates from the anterior rami of the C3 through C5 nerve roots and consists of motor, sensory, and sympathetic nerve fibers. It provides complete motor innervation to the diaphragm and sensation to the central tendon aspect of the diaphragm.
what is the impact damage to either or both phrenic nerves result in?
Phrenic nerve injury, such as may occur from cardiothoracic surgery, can lead to diaphragmatic paralysis or dysfunction.
what is the function of the pericardium?
acts as mechanical protection for the heart and big vessels, and a lubrication to reduce friction between the heart and the surrounding structures.
what is a pericardial effusion?
the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart. If too much fluid builds up, it can put pressure on the heart. This can prevent it from pumping normally.
what is cardiac tamponade?
blood or fluid collects in the sac surrounding the heart. This prevents the heart ventricles from expanding fully. The excess pressure from the fluid prevents the heart from working properly. As a result, the body does not get enough blood.
what happens if there is a ligament arteriosum?
a small ligament attaching the aorta to the pulmonary artery. It serves no function in adults but is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth. Arterial bunch.
what is the course of the vagus nerve in the mediastinum?
enters the superior mediastinum between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. It descends anteriorly to the aortic arch, before travelling posterior to the left bronchus.
