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CVR 2 > Anatomy - Intro to Heart and Lungs > Flashcards

Anatomy - Intro to Heart and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

where do the lungs extend from?

A

diaphragm to root of the neck, 1cm past first rib

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2
Q

what is the lungs made up of?

A

spongy and elastic tissue with lots of air bubbles so it is able to recoil

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3
Q

what is the pleura?

A

surrounds the lungs and attach it to the thoracic wall and diaphragm

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4
Q

what holds the lungs In place?

A

trachea and the bronchi and blood vessels

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5
Q

how are the lungs not identical

A

right lung has 3 lobes
left lung has 2 lobes

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6
Q

what are the fissures on the lungs?

A

separate the lobes of the lungs

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7
Q

where is the oblique fissure?

A

present on both lungs,
left lung - between superior and inferior
right lung - between middle and inferior lobe

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8
Q

what is the horizontal fissure?

A

only on the right lung, between the superior and middle lobe

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9
Q

what is the cardiac notch?

A

where the heart sits

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10
Q

what is the lingula?

A

reminants of the middle lobe on the left lung

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11
Q

what is the lung root?

A

structures that attach the lungs to the mediastinum?
-bronchi
-pulmonary artery and vein
-nerves
-lymphatics

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12
Q

what is the hilum?

A

area of the lungs where structures enter and leave

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13
Q

what is the general arrangement of the hilum?

A

superior - pulmonary artery
inferior - pulmonary vein
posterior - bronchi

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14
Q

where is the root of the lung located?

A

the hilum

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15
Q

what impressions can be seen on the left lung?

A

arch of the aorta
cardiac notch

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16
Q

what is the trachiobronchial tree?

A

conducting airways, route for air to get into the lungs.
made up of the trachea and bronchi

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17
Q

what does the trachea bifurcate into?

A

left and right primary bronchi

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18
Q

what do primary bronchi branch into?

A

secondary (lobar) bronchi, 3 right and 2 left

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19
Q

what do secondary bronchi branch into?

A

tertiary (segmental) bronchi
10 right and 8 left

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20
Q

what do the tertiary bronchi supply?

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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21
Q

what is atelectalis?

A

partial collapse or incomplete inflation of the lung

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22
Q

where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

level of sternal angle
region called the corena

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23
Q

what’s the differences between the primary bronchi?

A

right bronchi is shorter and more vertically situated, wider
foreign body more likely to end in the right

24
Q

what are bronchopulmonaery segments?

A

section of the lung that functions function independently, have their own pulmonary veins, bronchus and pulmonary arteryect
small connective tissue divisions between them
one segment could be resected without impacting function of other segments

25
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are on each lung?

A

10 on the right
8/9 on the left

26
Q

what is the pulmonary circulation?

A

moving blood between heart and lungs

27
Q

what do the bronchial arteries and veins do

A

supply the lung tissues with oxygenated blood

28
Q

where are the great vessels?

A

at the top

29
Q

what on the external side of the heart separates the atria and ventricles?

A

AV grooves
coronary sulcus

30
Q

which vessel lies between the 2 ventricles (externally)

A

anterior intraventricular artery
tends to be called left anterior descending artery (LAD)

31
Q

what separates the ventricles on the posterior external heart?

A

posterior inter ventricular artery

32
Q

what is the base of the heart?

A

left atrium and the apex

33
Q

what makes up the superior border of the heart?

A

where great vessels enter heart
left atrium

34
Q

what makes up the right border of the heart?

A

right atrium

35
Q

what makes up the inferior border of the heart?

A

diaphragmatic surface
right ventricle

36
Q

what makes up the left border of the heart?

A

left ventricle

37
Q

where do the coronary arteries come from?

A

first branch of the aorta

37
Q

what is the route of the left coronary artery?

A

passes behind the pulmonary trunk
branches into the anterior intraventricular artery
circumflex branch that passes around the left auricle and towards the posterior surface of the heart

38
Q

what is the route of the right coronary artery

A

passes along coronary sulcus
down along margin of right atrium
curves around marginal branch along inferior border of right ventricle
branch that passes along the posterior surface that becomes the posterior intraventricular artery

39
Q

what does the left coronary artery supply?

A

left atrium
both ventricles
apex

40
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply?

A

right atrium
majority of right ventricle
anastomoses are sparse

41
Q

why are the coronary arteries described as functional end arteries?

A

terminal arteries
if blockage there is no collateral blood supply
blockage can lead to myocardial infarction or heart attack

42
Q

what is a coronary artery bypass?

A

can use the internal thoracic artery for a CABG
blood vessels from elsewhere in the body are sectioned and plugged in beyond the point of the blockage

43
Q

where do most cardiac veins drain?

A

coronary sinus

44
Q

where is the coronary sinus?

A

lies in the AV grooves posteriorly and drains into the right atrium

45
Q

where do some small veins on the anterior surface of the heart drain into?

A

directly into the right atrium

46
Q

what are the pleural recesses?

A

potential spaces between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura

47
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain into?

A

the right atrium

48
Q

which structure is generally the most superior at the hilum?

A

pulmonary artery

49
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A
50
Q

which part of the vertebrae does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

A

transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae

51
Q

which coronary artery supplies the anterior intraventricular septum?

A
52
Q

what is the anatomical part of the sternum that serves as a reference fr the separation between superior and inferior mediastinum?

A
53
Q

which venous system drains into the intercostal veins?

A
54
Q

Which artery does the circumflex artery branch from?

A

Left coronary

55
Q

Which venous structure runs with the circumflex artery?

A

Great cardiac vein

CVR 2 (9 decks)

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