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Anatomy Endocrine Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

How is homeostasis maintained

A

through chemical messages

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2
Q

distant communication is coordinated by

A

endocrine and nervous system

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3
Q

what is faster reaction endocrine or nervous

A

nervous

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4
Q

nervous system is for

A

more specific destination and shorter lived effects (better response to emergincies)

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5
Q

endocrine system releases what

A

hormones with long-lasting effects

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6
Q

what do hormones bind to

A

target cells or tissues

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7
Q

what must the the target cell have In order to respond to a hormone

A

receptor

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8
Q

what can be effected by a single hormone

A

multiple tissues or organs

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9
Q

similarities between endocrine and nervous system

A
  • both rely on a realize of chemicals that bind to a specific receptor on a target cell
  • both share chemical messegers (Epinephrine and norepinephrine)
  • Both regulated by negative feedback
  • both coordinate and regulate activities of other cells, tissues organs, and systems to maintain homeostasis
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10
Q

when released from adrenal medullaa E and NE are called

A

hormone

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11
Q

When released across synapse E and NE are called

A

neurotransmitters

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12
Q

endocrine cells are

A

glandular, secretory cells

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13
Q

local hormones such as prostaglandins, affect

A

adjacent cells

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14
Q

how are hormones transmitted

A

through the bloodstream to target cells in other tissue

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15
Q

primary endocrine organs and glands

A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • thyroid gland
  • areal glands
  • pancreas
  • pineal gland
  • parathyroid gland
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16
Q

amino acid derivatives include

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones, melatonin

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17
Q

peptide hormones consist of chains of

A

amino acids

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18
Q

peptide hormones are the ____ class of hormones

A

largest

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19
Q

Peptide hormones include

A

ADH, Oxytocin, hypothalamic, pituitary, pancreatic hormones

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20
Q

what are the two classes of lipid derivatives

A

steroid hormones and eicosanoids

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21
Q

steroid hormones are structurally similar to

A

cholesterol

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22
Q

steroid hormones bound to______ proteins in _______

A

transport; blood

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23
Q

steroid hormones are released by

A

reproductive organs and cortex of the adrenal glands

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24
Q

eicosanoids are ________________ derived from

A

fatty acid base; arachidonic acid

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25
eicosanoids coordinate local cellular functions and affect
enzymatic processes including prostaglandins
26
what are the seven anterior lobe hormones
1. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 4. Luteinizing hormone (LH) 5. Prolactin (PRL) 6. Growth hormone (GH) 7. Melanocyte-stimulatin hormone (MSH)
27
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is also called
thyrotropin
28
TSH is released in response to
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus
29
TSH targets
thyroid gland
30
TSH stimulated
the release of thyroid hormones
31
_______ in thyroid hormones cause ________ in TRH and ____ secretion
increase; decrease; TSH
32
adrenocorticotropic hormone is also called
ACTH or Corticotropin
33
ACTH is released in response to
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus
34
ACTH targets
Adrenal cortex
35
ACTH stimulates secretion of
glucocorticoids
36
increases in __________ cause decrease in ____ and ______ secretion
glucocorticoids; ACTH; CRH
37
gonadotropins regulate activities of
gonads---- ovaries and testies
38
Gonadotropins are released in response to
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus
39
gonadotropins contain two hormones that are
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) both effect testes and ovaries
40
what does FSH do in men and women
men - promotes sperm production women - promotes follicle development
41
cells of ovaries and testes produce
inhibin
42
what does inhibit inhibit
FSH production through negative feedback
43
LH induces (Females)
ovulation and secretion of estrogens and progesterone in females
44
LH in males is also called
interstitial cell-stimulation hormone (ICSH)
45
LH stimulates
interstitial cells of the testes to produce androgens (testosterone)
46
estrogens, progesterones, and adrogens inhibit
GnRH (which decreases levels of LH)
47
Prolactin (PRL) is released in response to
prolactin releasing factor (PRF) from hypothalamus
48
PRL targets _______ in females
mammary glands
49
in pregnancy and nursing Prolactin stimulates
production of milk
50
circulating PRL stimulates prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) which
inhibits PRF
51
Hormonaes alter the ________ of a target cell
operation
52
Hormones change ______, ______, ______, or _____ of structural proteins and enzymes
types, activities, locations, quantities
53
sensitivity of a target cell to a hormone depends on
presence or absence of receptors for that hormone
54
receptors are located either on
plasma membrane or inside the cell
55
plasma membrane receptors are required for hormones that are _______
not lipid soluble such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, peptide hormones, eicosanoids
56
not lipid soluble hormones are _____ to diffuse through the plasma membrane
unable
57
hormones that are not lipid soluble muse us a
receptor on outside of membrane
58
hormones that are not lipid soluble the hormonal effect is
not direct
59
epinephrine, norepinephrine, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids are ______ messengers that activate ________ messengers. this action is linked by a __ _______, an enzyme complex
first; second; G protein
60
the activation of a second messenger system is called
amplification
61
amplification magnifies the...
effect of hormone on cell
62
examples of second messengers include
Cyclic AMP Calcium ions Cyclic GMP
63

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