Anatomy final 5/15/13

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

a falsifiable and testable question

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

supported by lots of evidence

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

change in genetic composition of a species over time
THEORY
Natural Selection is its mechanism for change

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

The bodies ability to detect change and maintain stable internal conditions

Question 5

Positive Feedback

Answer 5

leads to a greater change in the same direction

Question 6

Negative Feedback

Answer 6

Bringing the body back to normal

Question 7

Tissue

Answer 7

a collection of cells with a similar function

Question 8

4 main categories of tissue

Answer 8

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

Question 9

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 9

found in: skin
function: protect, secrete, absorb
Look: tightly packed cells no ECM

Question 10

Connective Tissue

Answer 10

found in: joints, organs, under the skin

function: bind, support
look: lots of ECM, lots of fibers

Question 11

Muscular Tissue

Answer 11

found in: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

function: movement
look: striations, longs almost fibrous cells

Question 12

Nervous Tissue

Answer 12

found in: brain, spinal cord

function: communication
look: lots of extentions

Question 13

How do bones elongate?

Answer 13

cartilage/chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate go through hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Question 14

Calcium Deposition

Answer 14

Ca deposited into the bone tissue

Question 15

Calcium Resorption

Answer 15

Dissolving of the bone to release Ca into the blood

Question 16

Calcitriol

Answer 16

raises blood Ca levels

Question 17

PTH

Answer 17

raises blood Ca levels

Question 18

Calcitonen

Answer 18

lowers blood Ca levels

Question 19

Sensory Receptor

Answer 19

a structure specialized for detecting stimuli

Question 20

Transduction

Answer 20

convert stimulus to a nerve signal

Question 21

Modality

Answer 21

the type of stimulus; labeled line code

Question 22

Locatoin

Answer 22

where stimulus comes from; receptor field

Question 23

intensity

Answer 23

How strong

a) threshold
b) firing frequency
c) how many neurons are firing

Question 24

Duration

Answer 24

How long the stimulus lasts, phasic and tonic

Question 25

Phasic

Answer 25

fires quickly, then fades

Question 26

Tonic

Answer 26

builds up, lasts longer

Question 27

Free Nerve

Answer 27

Sense pain and temperature | in skin, mucous membranes

Question 28

Tactile Disc

Answer 28

Light touch | in skin

Question 29

Hair Receptor

Answer 29

Detect light touch, movement of hair | found around hair follicles

Question 30

Tactile Receptor

Answer 30

Light touch, texture | in nipples, tongue, lips

Question 31

End bulb

Answer 31

light touch, texture | mucous membranes of lips

Question 32

Bulbous Corpuscle

Answer 32

touch, pressure | found in dermis, subcutaneous tissue

Question 33

Lamellar corpuscle

Answer 33

Deep pressure, tickling, stretch | found in Phasic, deep dermis

Question 34

Pain

Answer 34

discomfort caused by tissue damage or noxious stimuli

Question 35

Nociceptor

Answer 35

detects pain, located everywhere but brain and liver

Question 36

Referred Pain

Answer 36

causes pain in places where there are no pain receptors because of converging neural pathways

Question 37

Filiform Papillae

Answer 37

texture, no taste buds

Question 38

Fungiform Papillae

Answer 38

all over, lots of different tastes

Question 39

Foliate Papillae

Answer 39

Bitter, back of the tongue

Question 40

Vallate Papillae

Answer 40

sour, side of the tongue

Question 41

the five recognized tastes

Answer 41

salty, sour, sweet, bitter, and umami

Question 42

sound

Answer 42

the vibration of air molecules, humans can pick up pitch and volume

Question 43

Vision

Answer 43

the perception of objects based on the light that they emit or reflect

Question 44

Eyebrows

Answer 44

expression and keeping debris out of the eye

Question 45

eyelids

Answer 45

lubrication

Question 46

eyelashes

Answer 46

keep debris out

Question 47

tears

Answer 47

break foreign objects down flush foreign objects out lubricate provide O2

Question 48

Parts of the wall of the eye

Answer 48

sclera/cornea, choroid/ciliary bodies, retina

Question 49

Parts of the optic portion of eye

Answer 49

cornea, aqueous/vitreous humor, pupil, lens

Question 50

Parts of the neural portion of the eye

Answer 50

optic nerve, retina

Question 51

Blind spot

Answer 51

optic disc, no rods or cones so there are no images produced.

Question 52

Refraction

Answer 52

bending of light, causes inverted images

Question 53

three processes involved in the near response

Answer 53

1) convergence of eyes 2) pupil constriction 3) accommodation of the lens

Question 54

defects associated with the retina

Answer 54

1) Myopia (nearsightedness) | 2) Hyperopia (farsightedness)

Question 55

Cones

Answer 55

high resolution color and daytime vision low sensitivity

Question 56

Rods

Answer 56

low resolution high sensitivity night vision neural convergence and spatial summation

Question 57

Sympathetic system

Answer 57

"fight or flight" short pre, long post widespread effects originates in the thoracic and lumbar region

Question 58

Parasympathetic system

Answer 58

"rest and digest" local effects (pre to post to target) long pre, short post originates in brain and sacral region

Question 59

Varicosities

Answer 59

swelllings along nerves that release neurotransmitters that go to many neuroons

Question 60

3 way sympathetic leave the chain ganglion

Answer 60

1) spinal nerve: skin, smooth muscle 2) sympathetic nerve: thoracic viscera 3) Splanknic: abdominopelvic viscera

Question 61

Adrenal Glands

Answer 61

secrete hormones

Question 62

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 62

secretes Epinephrine and NOR

Question 63

NOR

Answer 63

Alpha: excitatory Beta: inhibitory

Question 64

ACh

Answer 64

Muscarinic: excitatory and inhibitory Nocotinic: excitatory