ANATOMY FINAL Flashcards
(28 cards)
Trachea
C6 - T4/5
Carina
Posterior = trachealis muscle
Runs from Larynx to Bronchi
Bronchopulmonary segments
8-10 left lung
10 right lung
Breakdown of respiratory tree
Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs
Innervations of lung
Sympathetic - sympathetic trunk
Bronchial musculature – dilates
Pulmonary vasculature – constricts
Parasympathetic – from vagus
Bronchial musculature – constricts
Pulmonary vasculature - dilates
Lymph drainage
Right
Superior tracheobronchial node
Bronchopulmonary (hilarious) node
Left
Tracheal (paratracheal) node
Inferior tracheobronchial node
Bronchopulmonary (hilarious) node
Location of mediastinum
Central component of thorax
Between L & R pleural cavitiy
Superior mediastinum contents - 7
Arteries (arch of aorta and branches) Veins (brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava) Trachea Oesophagus Thoracic duct Phrenic and Vagus nerves Thymus gland (part)
Thymus
Drains parasternal, brachiocephalic and tracheobronchial nodes
Supplied by internal thoracic arteries
Ligamentum arterosum
Ductus Arteriosus: an open duct connecting the pulmonary trunk and the arch of aorta
Oesophagus
Muscular tube Runs from Pharynx to stomach C6-T11 Posterior and right of aorta Posterior to left atrium Innervation: CNX and Sympathetic trunk via Oesophageal plexus
Vagus nerves
Each enters the Superior Mediastinum close to but medial to the Phrenic nerve
Enters superior mediastinum posterior to sterno-clavicular joint
Each gives rise to a Recurrent Laryngeal branch to supply the larynx
Continues into the Posterior Mediastinum coursing posterior to the main bronchi
Provide parasympathetic supply via pulmonary, cardiac and oesophageal plexi
Anterior mediastinum contains
Thymus gland in children which atrophies in the adult and is replaced by fatty tissue
Pericardial-sternal ligaments
Lymph nodes and vessels
Internal thoracic artery
Contents of middle mediastinum
Heart & pericardium Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk & arteries Pulmonary veins Nerves Lymph nodes
Transverse Sinus
pericardium attaches to first part of great vessels which creates the Transverse Sinus: space between outflow (AA + PT) and inflow vessels (SVC)
Regulation of conducting system
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres (Vagus nerve) enter and synapse in ganglia of cardiac plexus – postganglionic fibers exit plexus for the SA node
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (T1-5 paravertebral ganglia) enter and exit the cardiac plexus for the SA node
Contents of posterior mediastinum
Oesophagus Thoracic aorta Azygos system of veins Thoracic duct Vagus nerve Sympathetic trunk Splanchnic nerves
Thoracic duct
Descend left side - T5-T12 Oesophagus, Thoracic duct and azygous on it's right Aortic hiatus Originate in cisterna chyli Drain into left venous angle
Aortic hiatus
Aorta
Azygous
Thoracic duct
Thoracic Aorta branches
Bronchial Posterior intercostal Subcostal Pericardial oesophageal Superior phrenic
Azygous vein
Ascending to the right of thoracic vertebrae
Posterior intercostal, bronchial and vertebral venous plexus drain into it
Drain thoraco-abdominal walls and viscera
Arch over root of right lung - join SVC
Quiet inspiration
External intercostals
Diaphragm
Scalene muscles
Forced inspiration
Pectoral muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Latissimus dorsi
Forced expiration
Internal intercostals
Oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
Quadratus lumborum
Lateral diameter of thorax
Lateral edges of ribs are elevated supero-laterally during inspiration and the lateral diameter of thoracic cavity increases
Results in an increase in the transverse or lateral diameter of chest cavity
