Viva Revision Flashcards
There are cavities in the thorax
Left and right pleural cavities and the mediastinum
In the embryo the respiratory system develops from
endodermal out pouches:
- The out pouches form lung buds which branch out and divide to form alveoli
- The lungs form as they push out into the thoracic cavity
There are two layers of pleura
visceral and parietal
· The parietal pleura is the outer layer, and is separated from the visceral by serous fluid in the pleural cavity
Sections of the parietal pleura
cervical, costal, lateral mediastinal, superior diaphragmatic
Role of the serous fluid
allow layers of pleurae to slide against each other
The layers of pleura are connected at the ____ of the lung
Hilum
The _____ is formed by double folding of the parietal pleura
pulmonary ligament
Role of pulmonary ligament: allow movement and stabilise the lobes
___ are potential spaces within the thoracic cavity where the visceral and parietal pleura aren’t tightly adhered
Pleural recesses
Importance of costo-diaphragmatic recess: where pleural effusions are likely to form
Innervation of the parietal pleura
1st intercostal nerves (cervical and costal regions), phrenic nerve (mediastinal) and the lower intercostals and phrenic nerves (diaphragmatic)
Referred pain may be produced from the parietal pleura
The visceral pleura is innervated by the autonomic nervous system by the ____
pulmonary plexus
Respiratory tree
Trachea- runs from C6-T4 then bifurcates at the carina
- Primary bronchi- pass into the lungs at the hilum, right is wider and shorter
- Secondary bronchi- 3 right, 2 left
- Tertiary bronchi- supplies one bronchopulmonary segment
Clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments: BP segments can be surgically removed without affecting the function of other segments
Alveolar types
type 1 (gas exchange) and 2 (surfactant) pneumocytes
Left lung impressions
Heart and arch of the aorta
Right lung impressions
superior vena cava, oesophagus, azygos vein and heart
Differences between the left and right lun
Left lung only has 2 lobes; inferior and superior
- Right lung has 3 lobes; inferior, superior and middle
- Left lung has one fissure; oblique
- Right lung has 2 fissure; horizontal and oblique
- Left lung has the cardiac notch on the anterior border
- The cardiac notch creates the lingula on left lun
Hilum components
primary bronchi, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins, nerves and lymph vessels
Oxygen and nutrients are supplied to the lungs and viscera pleura via the ___
bronchial arteries
Bronchial arteries originate from the _____ (left) and the _____ (right)
descending aorta
3rd posterior intercostal artery
Sympathetic innervation of the lungs comes from the ___
Sympathetic trunk
Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs comes from the ___
Vagus nerve
Lymph drains towards the hilum via
bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial and paratracheal nodes
