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Flashcards in The pleura and the lungs Deck (23)
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1
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Left pleural cavity – contains left lung

Right pleural cavity – contains right lung

Mediastinum – space between the 2 pleural cavities

2
Q

Development of lungs and pleura

A

4-6 begins development from endoderm layer
Endodermal out pouches form lung buds
Rapid division of airways occurs
Lungs push into primitive thoracic cavity and take lining (V) with them

3
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Closely adheres to the lungs including the fissures
Creates a smooth and slippery surface
Connects to the parietal pleura and the hilum/root of the lung

4
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Lines the internal aspect of the thoracic wall

It is divided into 4 parts
Costal (Internal rib cage)
Mediastinal (Lateral wall of mediastinum)
Diaphragmatic (Superior diaphragm)
Cervical (Cervical region)
5
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Is the space between the 2 layers of pleura and contains a thin layer of serous fluid, which allows the pleurae to slide against it each.

The surface tension of the serous fluid provides cohesion to help the lungs be held against the thoracic wall. Hence the lungs expand as the thoracic cavity expand.

6
Q

Pleurae outline

A

Space in between outlines the pleural cavity
Not symmetrical because of the heart
Recesses exist in the pleural cavity – excess space

7
Q

Pleural innervation

A
Parietal
Cervical – 1st intercostal nerve
Costal – intercostal nerves
Mediastinal – phrenic nerve
Diaphragmatic – lower intercostals and phrenic nerves

Visceral
Autonomic from pulmonary plexuses

8
Q

Lungs

A
Apex
Base
Lobes, created by fissures 
Surfaces (Costal, Mediastinal
& Diaphragmatic) 
Borders (Anterior, Inferior
& Posterior)
9
Q

Right Lung

A

Larger and heavier, shorter and wider

10
Q

Left Lung

A

Cardiac notch

Lingula

11
Q

Hilum/Root of lungs

A

On medial aspect of lungs

Main bronchus (posterior)
Pulmonary artery (superior)
Pulmonary veins (inferior)
Bronchial arteries and veins
Pulmonary plexus of nerves
Lymph vessels and nodes
12
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

De-oxygenated blood from right ventricle enters lung via left or right pulmonary artery

Branches follow bronchopulmonary segments

Oxygenated blood returns to left atrium via left or right superior or inferior pulmonary veins

13
Q

Bronchial circulation

A

Bronchial arteries supply oxygen/nutrients to lung and visceral pleura

Left arteries branch from descending aorta

Right arteries branch from intercostal arteries

Bronchial veins terminate in the Azygos veins

14
Q

Trachea

A
Flexible tube – from larynx, runs from C6 to T4/5
Composed of c-shaped cartilage rings
Posteriorly - Trachealis muscle
Bifurcates at level of sternal angle 
Lined by mucous membrane and  cilia 
Internal point of bifurcation 
     = Carina
15
Q

Primary Bronchi

A

One for each lung
Passing into lung at Hilum/Root
Right main bronchus is wider, shorter and runs more vertically
Contains cartilage

16
Q

Secondary Bronchi

A

Secondary (Lobar) bronchi supply one lobe each hence:
3 in the right lung
2 in the left lung

17
Q

Tertiary Bronchi

A

Each Tertiary bronchus supplies a bronchopulmonary segment.

18
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments

A

The largest subdivision of a lobe
Supplied by a single tertiary bronchus
Receives a single branch of the pulmonary artery
Separated by connective tissue
Surgically resectable/ removable in isolation

19
Q

Bronchioles

A

20-25 generations of conducting bronchioles
No cartilage in walls
Terminal bronchiole gives rise to several generations of respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles characterized by out pockets of alveoli

20
Q

Alveoli

A

Alveolar ducts are elongated airways lined by alveoli which lead to common spaces called Alveolar sacs
Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries

Two cell types: Type 1 pneumocytes (95%) & Type 2 pneumocytes (5%)

21
Q

Innervation of lung - Sympathetic

A

Sympathetic – from sympathetic trunk

Bronchial musculature – dilates
Pulmonary vasculature – constricts

22
Q

Innervations of lung - parasympathetic

A

Parasympathetic – from vagus
Bronchial musculature – constricts
Pulmonary vasculature - dilates

23
Q

Lymph drainage

A
Superior tracheobronchial node 
Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes 
Trachea (paratracheal) node 
Inferior tracheobronchial (carinal) node 
Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes