Anatomy - How clinicians communicate

Question 1

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 1

Fee facing forward, head, shoulders, palms and eyes facing anterior. Standing fully erect.

Question 2

What are the 3 anatomical planes?

Answer 2

Transverse/axial
Frontal/coronal
Sagittal

Question 3

What does the transverse/axial plane do?

Answer 3

Split the body into an upper and lower region.

Question 4

What does the frontal/coronal plane do?

Answer 4

Split the body into an anterior and posterior region.

Question 5

What does the sagittal plane do?

Answer 5

Splits the body into half creating a left and right side.

Question 6

What does left and right mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 6

Left and right always from the patients side.

Question 7

What does anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 7

Anterior = front
Posterior = back

Question 8

What does Superior/cranial/rostral and inferior/caudal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 8

Superior = closer to the top of the head 
Inferior = further from the top of the head

Question 9

What does medial and lateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 9

Medial = closer to the centre line of the body
Lateral = further away from the centre of the body

Question 10

What does proximal and distal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 10

Proximal = Closer to the joint attached to the body
Distal = further away from the joint attached to the body

Question 11

What does Superficial and deep mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 11

Superficial = closer to the surface 
Deep = further away from the surface

Question 12

What does external and internal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 12

External = further away from centre of body
Internal = Closer to centre of body

Question 13

What are the dorsal sides of the wrist, hand, tongue and feet?

Answer 13

Wrist = posterior
Hand = posterior
Tongue = posterior
Feet = superior

Question 14

What are the opposites of dorsal for the wrist, hand, tongue and feet?

Answer 14

Wrist = volar
Hand = palmer
Tongue = ventral
Feet = plantar

Question 15

What does major and minor mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 15

Major = relatively larger of structures with same names
Minor = relatively smaller of structures with same names

Question 16

What does unilateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 16

A single structure on one side.

Question 17

What does midline mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 17

A single structure in the midline of the body

Question 18

What does bilateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 18

1 structure on both sides of the body

Question 19

What does contralateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 19

Different sides

Question 20

What does ipsilateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 20

Same sides

Question 21

What does superolateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 21

High and to the side.

Question 22

What does flexion and extension mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 22

Flexion = decreasing the angle between the bones
Extension = increasing the angle between the bones

Question 23

What does abduction and adduction mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 23

Abduction = movement away from the median plane
Adduction = movement towards the median plane

Question 24

What does later and medial rotation mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 24

Lateral rotation = rotation away from the medial plane

Medial rotation = rotation towards the medial plane.

Question 25

What is circumduction?

Answer 25

The circular movement at a joint

Question 26

What does eversion and inversion mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 26

``` Eversion = sole of foot rotates away from median plane Inversion = sole of foot rotates towards median plane ```

Question 27

What does pronation and supination mean in anatomical terms of relationship?

Answer 27

``` Pronation = anterior surface of forearm rotates so palm is posterior Supination = anterior surfaces of the forearm rotates so palm is anterior ```

Question 28

What is abduction of the digits?

Answer 28

Spreading of the fingers.

Question 29

What is adduction of the digits?

Answer 29

Closing of spread fingers.

Question 30

What is pronation of the palm?

Answer 30

Back of the hand is facing anterior

Question 31

What is supination of the palm?

Answer 31

Palm is facing anterior

Question 32

What is abduction of the thumb?

Answer 32

Taking the thumb anteriorly away from the palm (duck beak motion)

Question 33

What is adduction of the thumb?

Answer 33

Adding the thumb back to the palm

Question 34

What is extension of the thumb?

Answer 34

The thumb moving laterally away from the palm in the coronal plane

Question 35

What is flexion of the thumb?

Answer 35

Thumb crossing over the palm in a medial direction