Anatomy - The Circulatory System

Question 1

What makes up the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Slide 2

Question 2

What are the names of the Great Vessels?

Answer 2

Superior and inferior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery. Slide 2

Question 3

What blood vessels are between arteries and veins?

Answer 3

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. Slide 3

Question 4

What does proximal to the heart mean?

Answer 4

Closer to the heart and distal means closer to the tissue. Slide 4

Question 5

What does an NVB stand for?

Answer 5

Neurovascular bundle. Slide 4

Question 6

What is the NVB?

Answer 6

Arteries, vein and nerve. Slide 4

Question 7

What does bifurcation mean?

Answer 7

Termination of an artery by dividing into 2 terminal branches. Slide 4

Question 8

What does trifurcation mean?

Answer 8

3 terminal branches. Slide 4

Question 9

What does trunk/common in an artery name indicate?

Answer 9

That it will divide again. Slide 4

Question 10

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Answer 10

Have a tortuous (curvy) course, located deeper than veins. High intraluminal pressure and usually carries oxygenated blood have elastic fibres in the walls at the largest parts of the artery. Slide 4

Question 11

What is an anastomosis?

Answer 11

Connection between arteries without a capillary network in between. Slide 5

Question 12

What are collaterals?

Answer 12

An alternative route of blood flow. Slide 5

Question 13

What do end arteries do?

Answer 13

Only arterial blood supply to a particular area. Slide 5

Question 14

What are arterioles involved with?

Answer 14

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Slide 6

Question 15

What are arterioles controlled by?

Answer 15

Sympathetic nervous system. Slide 6

Question 16

What are the characteristics of arterioles?

Answer 16

Slightly narrow and have a constant low level of contraction of the smooth muscle. Slide 6

Question 17

What does the Aorta do?

Answer 17

Carry the systemic blood from the heart at high pressure. Slide 7

Question 18

Why does the Aorta have elastic in the walls?

Answer 18

To help the aorta expand to cope with pressue and recoil to maintain peripheral blood flow when the heart relaxes. Slide 7

Question 19

How many parts make up the aorta?

Answer 19

4. Slide 7

Question 20

What are the 4 parts that make up the Aorta?

Answer 20

Ascending, Arch, Thoracic and Abdominal. Slide 8

Question 21

What does the ascending aorta consist of?

Answer 21

2 branches, right and left coronary arteries. Slide 8

Question 22

What does the arch of the aorta consist of?

Answer 22

3 branches. Slide 8

Question 23

What does the thoracic aorta consist of?

Answer 23

Multiple branches. Slide 8

Question 24

What does the abdominal aorta consist of?

Answer 24

3 unpaired midline branches and 3 paired bilateral branches. Slide 8

Question 25

What do the coronary arteries supply to?

Answer 25

Supply blood to the heart. Slide 8

Question 26

When does the thoracic (descending aorta) change to the abdominal?

Answer 26

When it passes through the diaphragm. Slide 8

Question 27

What are the 3 branches of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 27

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and the left subclavian. Slide 9

Question 28

What does the brachiocephalic trunk turn into?

Answer 28

It bifurcates into the right common carotid and the right subclavian arteries. Slide 10

Question 29

What happens to the artery as it moves down the upper limb?

Answer 29

Continuation from subclavian, axillary, brachial and then bifurcates further at elbow into ulnar and radial. It changes name to identify what region it is in. Slide 11

Question 30

What does the common carotid bifurcate into?

Answer 30

External and internal carotid. Slide 12

Question 31

What is the carotid sinus?

Answer 31

Most proximal and usually dilated part of the internal carotid artery. Found at the superior border of thyroid cartilage. Slide 12

Question 32

What does the carotid sinus do?

Answer 32

It detects changes in arterial blood pressure and is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Slide 12

Question 33

What does the carotid body do?

Answer 33

Detects blood gas levels and pH and is also innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Slide 12

Question 34

Where does the internal carotid artery go to?

Answer 34

Straight into the cranial cavity via the carotid canal. Slide 12

Question 35

What does the vertebral artery do?

Answer 35

Branches from the subclavian artery and travels through the vertebral foraminae of the cervical vertebrae and then through the foramen magnum to supply the brain. Slide 13

Question 36

What happens to the vertebral and internal carotid artery?

Answer 36

They anastomose together. Slide 13

Question 37

What is the blood brain barrier?

Answer 37

Protects brain tissue by having astrocyte processes surrounding brain capillaries and prevent diffusion of some substances as there are tight junctions between brain capillary endothelial cells. Slide 14

Question 38

What is the Circle of Willis?

Answer 38

Type of anastomosis which helps preserve blood flow in the brain. Slide 14

Question 39

What are the 2 branches of the Thoracic aorta?

Answer 39

Bilateral which are posterior intercostal arteries and anterior surface arteries e.g. bronchial, oesophageal, mediastinal, pericardial and phrenic. Slide 15

Question 40

Where are the 3 unpaired arteries on the abdominal aorta situated?

Answer 40

Anterior surface. Slide 16

Question 41

Where are the 3 bilateral paired arteries on the abdominal aorta situated?

Answer 41

Lateral surface. Slide 16