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S2 E2 KCU COB Andersen Courses > Anatomy II: Lecture 15 Osteology of the Skull > Flashcards

Anatomy II: Lecture 15 Osteology of the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What underlies the brainstem?

A

Bones of the base of the skull

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2
Q

What type of bones are the bones of the base of the skull?

A

Endochondral

Which means they are preceded by carilage

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3
Q

What type of bones are the bones forming the sides and roof of the skull?

A

Dermal bones
(Which means they are not preceded by cartilage)
(They are the bone that makes up the face)

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4
Q

What forms the branchial arches?

A

Cartilage-replacement elements

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5
Q

Neoteny of the skull

A

Failure to replace cartilage with bone in the adult
(Animals that do this: sharks, skates, and rays)
(something that resembles fetal characteristics: Here, it is the loss in the ability to replace cartilage with bone)

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6
Q

The skull is a combination of

A

cartilage, dermal bone, and/or endochondral bone

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7
Q

Openings in the skull are called _____

They allow passage to ____

A

Foramina

Nerves and blood vessels

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8
Q

Cartilaginous capsules develop to enclose ____

A

Special sensory organs such as olfactory apparatus, eyes, and semicircular canals

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9
Q

The skull is made of two components. What are they?

A

Chondrocranium and Dermatocranium

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10
Q

Chondocranium is made of

A

Neurocranium: Cartliage and/or endochondral bone

Splanchnocranium (viscerocranium): Cartilage and/or endochondral bone

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11
Q

Dermatocranium is made of

A

Dermal bone

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12
Q

What is made up of the mass of cartilage that condenses beneath the embryonic brain and the bones that replace the cartilage?

A

The braincase, or neurocranium

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13
Q

What contains the three pairs of cartilaginous capsules?

A

Braincase

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14
Q

What are the two pairs of cartilaginous plates of the neurocranium?

A

Parachordals (Flanks the cranial end of the notochord)

Prechordals (Hypophyseals) (Cranial to notochord and parachordals)

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15
Q

What is the posterior wall of the neurocranium?

A

Foramen Magnum

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16
Q

T/F the roof of the neurocranium is usually closed?

A

False: They are usually open

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17
Q

What represents the primitive vertebrate braincase?

A

Bones of basicranium (within the Neurocranium)

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18
Q

Where do all nerves and vessels passing to and from the brain pass through?

A

Through the foramina of the bones of the basicranium

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19
Q

What are the five bones of the basicranium?

A

Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Left and Right Temporals
Occipital bone

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20
Q

What is the only basicranial bone that is entirely preformed in cartilage?

A

Ethmoid Bone***

Others are mostly preformed, but they have dermal bone components too

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21
Q

What are the components of the ethmoid?

A 
Cribriform plate 
Crista Galli 
Perpendicular plate 
Labyrinth 
Ethmoid air cells
22
Q

What is the attachment for falx cerebri?

A

Crista galli

23
Q

What contains superior and middle nasal conchae?

A

Labrinth of the ethmoid bone

24
Q

What are the components fo the sphenoid?

A
  • Pterygoid plates
  • Body
  • Greater and lesser wings
25
Q

What are the components of the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid?

A

Medial and lateral plates hang down
Dermal components attached to endochondral portion of sphenoid base
Lateral
Medial

26
Q

What are the components of the body of the sphenoid?

A

Hypophyseal fossa

Four clinoid processes

27
Q

T/F the Greater wings are the lower flaps

A

False: They contain lower and upper flaps

28
Q

The greater wings’ lower flaps of the sphenoid bone contribute to the cranial fossa that contains the

A

temporal lobes of the brain

29
Q

What is the passageway for V2?

A

Foramen rotundum of the greater wings’ lower flaps of the sphenoid bone
(V2 = Second part to cranial nerve five)

30
Q

What is the passageway for V2

A

Foramen ovale of the greater wings’ lower flaps of the sphenoid bone
(V3 = the third part to cranial nerve five)

31
Q

What is the passageway for the middle meningeal vessels?

A

Foramen Spinosum of the greater wings’ lower flaps of the sphenoid bone

32
Q

What are the two foraminae of the upper flaps of the greater wings in the sphenoid bone?

A

Optic canal

Anterior clinoid process

33
Q

What are the three foraminae of the lower flaps of teh greater wings in the sphenoid bone?

A

Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

34
Q

What surrounds the ear apparatus?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bones

35
Q

Where is the first pharyngeal pouch growing and what does it form?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bones

Expands to form the middle ear chamber

36
Q

Where are the cavities that connect the pharynx to the eustachian tube?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bones

37
Q

What forms the carotid canal for the internal carotid canal?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bones

38
Q

What is a mass of air-filled outpocketings (air cells) from petrous part?

A

mastoid process of the temporal bones

39
Q

The styloid process of the temporal bones:

A
  • Are derived from second-gill arches
  • Fuses with petrous portion in front of mastoid
  • Attachment site for muscles and ligaments
40
Q

The squamous part of the temporal bones are

A

Thin sheets of dermal bone, forming lateral wall of braincase ABOVE auditory meatus

41
Q

What is part of the temporal bone that forms a ring of dermal bone around the eardrum?

A

Tympanic part

It expands after birth to become the external auditory meatus leading to ear drum from the outside

42
Q

What is a large dermal bone that forms the lower back of the head?

A

Squamous part of the occipital bone

43
Q

What forms from four separate bones that fuse around the spinal cord to form the foramen magnum?

A

Basilar part of the occipital bone

44
Q

T/F the frontal bone is paired in fetus and fused in adults

A

True

45
Q

Where can the supraorbital foramina be found?

A

In the frontal bone of the membrane bones of the skull

46
Q

What do the maxillary bones of the membrane bones of the skull contain?

A

The alveolar process and the infraorbital foramina

47
Q

What creates the superior and inferior temporal lines?

A

The parietal bones of the membrane bones of the ksull

48
Q

What the membrane bones of the skull?

A 
Frontal bone
maxillary bones
Zygomatic bones
Nasal Bones
Parietal Bones
49
Q

What are the bones of the anterior skull?

A 
Sphenoid: Greater wing
Sphenoid: Lesser wing
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Vomer
50
Q

What are the occipitals of the base of the skull?

A 
Occipital condyles
Foramen magnum 
Supreme, superior, inferior nuchal lines
External occipital protuberance 
Pharyngeal protuberance
51
Q

What does the body of the mandible contain?

A

mental protuberance and mental foramen

52
Q

The posterior cranial fosse contains the

A

cerebellum, pons, and medulla

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