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Anatomy Lab > Anatomy Lab - Muscles (Origin, Insertion, Action) > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab - Muscles (Origin, Insertion, Action) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior brachial compartment?

A

Triceps Brachii

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2
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the triceps brachii?

A

O: long head origin is on the infraglenoid tubercle lateral and medial heads are on the posterior humerus

I: olecranon process of the ulna

A: extension of the elbow

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3
Q

What two groups make up the muscles of the anterior antebrachial compartment?

A

Superficial Group &; Intermediate Group

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4
Q

What muscles make up the superficial group of the anterior antebrachial compartment?

A

Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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5
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pronator teres?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: lateral surface of radial shaft

A: pronation of hand

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6
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: base of metacarpal #2

A: flexion of hand, abduction of hand

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the palmaris longus?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: flexor retinaculum and palmer aponeurosis

A: felxion of hand

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8
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: pisiform bone

A: flexion of hand, adduction of hand

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9
Q

What muscles make up the intermediate group of muscles of the anterior antebrachial compartment?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: middle phalanges of digits II-V

A: flexion of hand and digits

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial group of the posterior antebrachial compartment?

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Communis
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the brachioradialis?

A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: styloid process of radius

A: flexion of elbow joint

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: dorsal surface of metacarpal #II

A: extension of hand, abduction of hand

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: dorsal surface of metacarpal #III

A: extension of hand

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor digitorum communis?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: distal ends of digits II-V

A: extension of hand and digits

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the digiti minimi?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: extensor expansion of digit #V

A: extension of hand and digit #V

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of metacarpal #V

A: extension of the hand, adduction of the hand

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18
Q

What three muscles stabilize the scapula?

A

Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
Pectoralis Minor

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the trapezius?

A

O: spinous processes of all thoracic and 7th cervical vertebrae, and the external occipital protuberance

I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle & the acromion and spine of scapula

A: adduction of scapula, elevation of the glenoid fossa

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the serratus anterior?

A

O: outer surface of first 8 or 9 ribs

I: medial margin of the scapula

A: abduction of scapula, elevation of the glenoid fossa

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21
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pectoralis minor?

A

O: sternal end of ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: depression of glenoid fossa

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22
Q

What are the 8 muscles that make up the shoulder joint? (found on arm models)

A 
1 - Deltoid
2 - Supraspinatus
3 - Infraspinatus
4 - Teres Minor
5 - Subscapularis
6 - Pectoralis Major (torso models)
7 - Teres Major (arm models)
8 - Latissimus Dorsi (torso models)
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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the deltoid?

A

O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: abduction, flexion, extension

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24
Q

What four muscles make up the Rotator Cuff?

A

1 - supraspinatus
2 - infraspinatus
3 - teres minor
4 - subscapularis

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25
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the supraspinatus?
O: supraspinous fossa I: upper surface of greater tubercle A: abduction
26
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the infraspinatus?
O: infraspinous fossa I: middle portion of the greater tubercle of humerus A: lateral rotation
27
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the teres minor?
O: superior 2/3 of lateral margin of scapula I: lower portion of the greater tubercle of humerus A: lateral rotation
28
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the subscapularis?
O: subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle A: medial rotation
29
What muscles make up the intertubercular groove?
1 - Pectoralis Major (torso models) 2 - Teres Major (arm models) 3 - Latissimus Dorsi (torso models)
30
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pectoralis major (torso models)?
O: medial half of clavicle, sternum, and first 6 rib cartilages I: lateral ridge of the intertubercular groove A: adduction, flexion, medial rotation
31
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the teres major (arm models)?
O: inferior angle of scapula I: medial ridge of intertubercular groove A: adduction, extension, medial rotation
32
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the latissimus dorsi (torso models)?
O: spinous process of lower 6 thoracic, and all lumbar vertebrae by means of the thoracolumbar fascia I: floor of intertubercular groove A: adduction, extension, medial rotation
33
What muscles make up the anterior brachial compartment?
1 - coracobrachialis 2 - brachialis 3 - biceps brachii
34
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the coracobrachialis?
O: coracoid process of the scapula I: medial surface of humeral shaft A: adduction of humerus, flexion of humerus
35
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the brachialis?
O: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus I: coronoid process of the ulna A: flexion of elbow
36
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the biceps brachii?
O: coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle I: radial tuberosity of radius A: flexion of humerus and elbow
37
What 7 muscles make up the abdominal wall?
``` 1 - rectus abdominus 2 - external oblique 3 - internal oblique (on Torso #1, but not #5) 4 - transversus abdominis 5 - quadratus lumborum 6 - psoas major 7 - iiacus ```
38
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus abdominus?
O: pubic crest I: xiphoid process of the sternum and on the cartilage of ribs 5 - 7 A: flexion of vertebral column, compression of the abdomen
39
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the external oblique?
O: lower 8 ribs I: linea alba A: lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rotation of the vertebral column, compression of the abdomen.
40
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the internal oblique (on Torso #1, but not #5)?
O: lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia. I: cartilage fo the lower 4 ribs and the linea alba A: lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rotation of the vertebral column, compression of the abdomen.
41
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the transversus abdominis?
O: lateral part of the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and the cartilage of the lower 6 ribs I: linea alba A: compression of the abdomen
42
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the quadratus lumborum (check models from inside)?
O: iliac crest I: transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae and the inferior edge of the 12th rib. A: extension, lateral flexion
43
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the psoas major?
O: transverse process of lumbar vertebrae I: lesser trochanter of the femur A: flexion of the trunk of femur
44
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Iiacus?
O: iliac fossa I: lesser trochanter A: flexion of the trunk or femur
45
Which muscles are involved in the movement of the head?
trapezius splenius capitis semispinalis capitis sternocleidomastoid
46
What is the action of the splenius capitis? (action only)
A: extension of the head
47
What is the action of the semispinalis capitis? (action only)
A: extension of the head
48
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the sternocleidomastoid?
O: manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle I: mastoid process of temporal bone A: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation
49
Which muscles are involved in the movement of the mandible?
temporalis | masseter
50
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the temporalis?
O: temporal fossa I: coronoid process of mandible A: elevation
51
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the masseter?
O: zygomatic arch I: angle of the ramus of mandible A: elevates mandible
52
What are the facial muscles?
``` frontalis occipitalis orbicularis oculi orbicularis oris zygomaticus risorius ```
53
What is the action of the frontalis? | location & actions only
wrinkles forehead
54
What is the action of the occipitalis? | location & action only
draws scalp back
55
What is the action of the orbicularis oculi? | location & action only
closes eye
56
What is the action of the orbicularis oris? | location & action only
closes mouth, puckers lips
57
What is the action of the zygomaticus? | location & action only
pulls corner of mouth upward
58
What is the action of the risorius? | location & action only
pulls corner of mouth back
59
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT What muscles make up the gluteal region?
``` piriformis gluteus minimus gluteus medius gluteus maximus tensor fascia latae ```
60
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the piriformis?
O: anterior surface of the sacrum I: Superior border of greater trochanter A: lateral rotation abduction
61
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus minimus?
O: between anterior and inferior gluteal lines on the ilium I: anterior border of greater trochanter A: medial rotation abduction
62
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus medius?
O: between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on ilium I: lateral surface on greater trochanter A: abduction
63
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus maximus?
O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx I: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity A: extension of thigh lateral rotation
64
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tensor fascia latae?
O: anterior crest of ilium I: Iliotibial tract of the fascia latae A: flexion, abduction, medial rotation of the thigh
65
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT What muscle makes up the medial compartment?
adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis
66
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the adductor longus?
O: anterior pubis near the symphysis I: middle of linea aspera A: adduction, flexion
67
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the adductor magnus?
O: ischial ramus I: length of linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur A: adduction
68
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gracilis?
O: inferior ramus of the pubis I: medial to the tibial tuberosity on the tibia A: adduction of thigh, flexion of knee
69
MUSCLES OF THE KNEE JOINT Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?
quadriceps femoris | sartorius
70
What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius
71
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus femoris?
O: anterior inferior spine of the ilium I: tibial tuberosity A: extension of knee, flexion of thigh
72
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the vastus lateralis?
O: lateral side of gluteal tuberosity and proximal 1/3 of linea aspera I: tibial tuberosity A: extension
73
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the vastus medialis?
O: medial side of linea aspera I: tibial tuberoisity A: extension
74
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the vastus intermedius?
O: proximal 2/3 of anterior femoral shaft I: tibial tuberosity A: extension of knee
75
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the sartorius?
O: anterior superior iliac spine I: medial to the tibial tuberosity A: extension of knee, flexion of thigh, lateral rotation
76
Which muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh (hamstrings)?
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
77
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the biceps femoris?
O: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera I: lateral side of the head of the fibula A: flexion of knee, extension of the thigh
78
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the semitendinosus?
O: ischial tuberosity I: medial to the tibial tuberosity A: extension of thigh, flexion of knee
79
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the semimembranosus?
O: ischial tuberosity I: posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia A: extension of thigh, flexion of knee
80
MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE Which muscles make up the anterior compartment?
tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus
81
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tibialis anterior?
O: lateral condyle of the tibia and proximal 1/2 of tibial shaft I: inferior base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform A: dorsiflexion, inversion
82
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor digitorum longus?
O: lateral condyle of the tibia and proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of the fibula I: distal phalanx of digits 2-5 A: dorsiflexion, extension of toes
83
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor hallucis longus?
O: anterior surface of middle fibula I: distal phalanx of digit 1 A: dorsiflexion, extension of toe
84
MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE Which muscles make up the lateral compartment?
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
85
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the peroneus longus (fibularis longus)?
O: lateral head and proximal 2/3 of fibula I: inferior base of 1st metatarsal A: plantar flexion, eversion
86
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)?
O: lateral surface of fibula I: lateral side of 5th metatarsal A: plantar flexion, eversion
87
MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE Which "superficial muscles" make the posterior compartment?
gastrocnemius | soleus
88
MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE Which "deep group" muscles make up posterior compartment?
tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
89
What is the origin, insertion, and action of gastrocnemius?
O: posterior surface of lateral and medial condyles of the femur I: calcaneus A: plantar flexion, flexion of the knee
90
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the soleus?
O: posterior surface of proximal tibia and fibula I: calcaneus A: plantar flexion
91
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tibialis posterior?
O: posterior surface of interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula I: plantar surface of navicular bone A: plantar flexion, inversion
92
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor digitorum longus?
O: posterior surface of tibia I: anterior base of distal phalanges 2-5 A: plantar flexion
93
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor hallucis longus?
O: inferior 2/3 of shaft of fibula I: plantar base of terminal phalanx of digit 1 A: plantar flexion

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