Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Lab > Anatomy Lab Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Quiz 4 Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The various amounts of air that can be inhaled and exhaled during different stages of breathing

A

Respiratory volumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 2 purposes of using respiratory volumes?

A
  1. Determine the overall health and function of the lungs
  2. Diagnose and treat respiratory conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In obstructive lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) ….

What does this cause over time?

A

Obstruction of the lungs causes air to be “trapped” in the lungs when it cannot be exhaled

  • Causes hyperinflation of lung tissue over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In restrictive lung diseases…

What happens then?

A

There is a loss of compliance, or elasticity, in the lung tissue.

  • Less air is brought into the lung tissue because the lungs are “stiffer”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The sum of two or more lung volumes that reflect different aspects of lung function

A

Respiratory capacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many lung volumes and respiratory capacities are there? What are they used for?

A
  • 4 each
    Used to indicate lung health and function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled on a normal breath

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The additional air that can be forcefully inhaled past a normal tidal volume inspiration

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The additional air that can be forcefully exhaled past a normal tidal volume expiration

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The volume of air remaining in the lungs following a maximal exhalation

A

Reserve/Reserve volume (RV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired after a maximum inhalation

A

Vital Capacity (VC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the formula for Vital Capacity

A

VC = TV+ IRV +ERV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the formula for Inspiratory capacity

A

IC = TV + IRV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The total amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the formula for functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

FRC= RV + ERV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The total amount of air the lungs can contain

A

Total lung capacity (TLC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the formula for total lung capacity?

A

TLC= TV+IRV+ERV+RV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The average respiratory volume for females is… Why?

A

20-25% less than males
- This is because females typically have smaller body size and smaller lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A medical test used to measure the four lung volumes, and used to indicate abnormalities in lung function

A

Spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Common diagnostic tool used to help diagnose various lung diseases and conditions that are obstructive or restrictive in nature

A

Spirometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 3 examples of lung diseases/conditions that are obstructive or restrictive in nature

A

Asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the formula for Respiratory minute volume (L/min)?

A

Respiratory minute volume (L/min)= Tidal Volume (mL) x Respiratory Rate (breaths/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A diagram that represents relations between three or more variable quantities with the use of numbered scales
- What is predicted with this?

A

Nomogram
- Predicts vital capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tests performed to assess pulmonary function by measuring how long a person can hold their breath after a maximum inhalation
Breath-holding tests
26
A longer breath holding time generally indicates...
Better pulmonary function Better functional reserve Larger lung capacity because the lungs are better able to help maintain body pH
27
The respiratory system and cardiovascular system function to... What is equally as important?
take oxygen into the body from the atmospheric air and deliver it to the tissue cells The disposal of Carbon dioxide (CO2) is equally as important
28
The pH of blood becomes more acidic due to a buildup of carbon dioxide
Respiratory acidosis
29
What are 5 common symptoms of respiratory acidosis?
Headache, fatigue, confusion, anxiety, tremors
30
In more severe cases of respiratory acidosis, what are 4 symptoms?
Heart arrhythmia, seizure, coma, muscle weakness
31
Used to measure tidal volume
Dry gas meter
32
How is minute volume calculated?
Multiplying the total volume of air exhaled (ml) by the number of breaths taken over the collection period (in minutes)
33
The body's rate of energy expenditure
Metabolic rate
34
What are the units for metabolic rate?
ml O2 consumed/minute
35
Used to measure metabolic rate
dry gas meter
36
How is metabolic rate calculated?
1. Determining the difference between the percentage of oxygen in inhaled air (20.95%) and the percentage of oxygen in the exhaled air stored in the bag 2. multiplying this difference by the minute volume
37
During physical activity...
The metabolic rate of skeletal muscle tissue is significantly higher, requiring more oxygen uptake and delivery to the cells
38
The rate at which your body cells consume oxygen...
must be matched with the rate of oxygen delivery to tissue cells
39
The rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) is equal to both the rate at which you obtain oxygen from the environment across the surface of the lungs
Ventilation
40
The rate at which oxygen is delivered to the body tissue cells through the capillary walls of the cardiovascular system
Perfusion
41
Ventilation is increased by..
Increasing the respiratory rate and respiratory depth (tidal volume)
42
Perfusion is increased by...
Increasing heart rate
43
The flow of air into and out of the lungs
Minute volume (Vm)
44
In the cardiovascular system, the flow of blood...
is related to cardiac output (CO)
45
As we inhale, our lungs extract oxygen from the air we breathe, leading to a difference in...
the concentration of oxygen in inhaled air (Co2i) and the concentration of oxygen in exhaled air (Co2e)
46
Oxygen is lost from the blood supply through the capillary beds in systemic circulation. This leads to a difference in...
the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood (Co2a) and the concentration of oxygen in venous blood (Co2v)
47
What is the formula for determining the rate of oxygen consumption for the respiratory system or cardiovascular system?
Vo2= (Vm)(Co2i-Co2e) Vo2= (Minute volume)(Concentration of oxygen in inhaled air - Concentration of oxygen in exhaled air)
48
In most resting people...
Arterial blood is 100% saturated with oxygen, but venous blood can be as low as 60% saturated
49
Each gram of hemoglobin can bind with...
1.34 ml of O2
50
What is the formula for Co2a?
Average Hemoglobin concentration (g Hb/100 mL blood) x 1.34 ml of O2/g Hb
51
What is the formula for CO during rest?
CO= Vo2/(Co2a-Co2v)
52
What is the formula for stroke volume?
SV (ml blood/beat) = CO/HR
53
What is the formula for calculating stroke volume during exercise using changes in pulse pressure?
PPr/PPe = SVR/SVe Pulse pressure resting/pulse pressure exercising = stroke volume resting/ stroke volume exercising
54
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output during exercise?
COe= SV x HR
55
What is the formula for calculating venous blood during exercise?
Vo2= (CO)(Co2a- Co2v)
56
The increase or decrease in the rhythm and rate of respiration is controlled by..
respiratory centers located in the medulla and pons
57
Of the two, which is more closely monitored in the body, oxygen or carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide
58
What is the general pH of blood and what does it ensure
7.35-7.45 - ensures that body cells function optimally
59
When carbon dioxide leaves the tissue and enters the blood cells...
It combines with water to form carbonic acid
60
What does carbonic acid dissociate into?
Bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
61
When carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase... There is an (1) in the concentration of hydrogen ions, causing a (2) in blood pH
1- Increase 2- Decrease
62
If the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood decreases, there is a (1) in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood causing an (2) in the blood's pH
1- Decrease 2- Increase
63
A decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood causes an increase in the blood's pH
Respiratory alkalosis
64
An individual is taking many deep breaths in a short period of time
Hyperventilation
65
What does hyperventilation cause?
Excess loss of carbon dioxide and subsequent increase in blood pH
66
Eventually, what does hyperventilation cause?
Decrease in blood pressure and decrease in blood flow to the brain
67
What does hyper ventilation eventually result in?
Dizziness and fainting
68
A condition where breathing temporarily stops for a period of time
Apnea
69
Occurs until carbon dioxide levels increase enough to meet metabolic demand
Apnea
70
Respiratory disorders that affect an individual's ability to breathe normally
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) and Asthma
71
Decrease an individual's ability to force air out of the lungs - Is this irreversible or reversible?
COPD - Irreversible
72
The result of inflammation in the bronchioles, reducing the amount of oxygen that can reach the alveoli - Is this irreversible or reversible?
Asthma - Reversible

Anatomy 2 Lab (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions