Anatomy Lecture 2 -- Heart Internal Anatomy Flashcards
3 layers of heart
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
Definition of a valve
Fibrocartilage covered with endothelium/endocardium (depending on position)
Function of valve
Ensure unidirectional bloodflow
Locations of valves
Everywhere in body that requires unidirectional blood flow
Which side is the mitral valve located?
Left (between left ventricle and atrium)
Which side is tricuspid valve located?
Right (between right ventricle and atrium)
What comprises the skeleton of the valve structure?
Fibrocartilage
3 types of fibrous rings
Atrio-ventricular (mitral, tricuspid) Aortic Pulmonary
2 types of fibrous trigones
Right (between aortic and mitral valves) Left (surrounded by aortic, tricuspid and mitral valves)
Purpose of fibrous skeleton
Strength to structure (stabilization) Rigidity Attachment of ventricular muscle fibres
Define the fossa ovalis
Membranous embryonic leftover where the blood used to shunt directly to left atrium from right atrium
Define the crista terminalis
Fusion point between the right SV and atrium
Define musculi pectinati
Fibres arranged like a rooster’s comb in the walls of the right atrium that are not strong enough to pump
3 inflow holes in right atrium
SVC IVC coronary sinus
1 outflow hole in right atrium
Tricuspid valve to right ventricle
Define the trabeculae carnae
Folds of muscle in the ventricle
Form of the aortic valve “flaps”
Bags (3 sinuses)
Function of aortic valve noduels
Allow edges of sinuses to touch (complete closure)
Define the papillary muscle
Modifications of the trabeculae carnae that contract to pull valve cusps downwards during ventricicular relaxation
Number of popillary muscles in left and right
2 in left ventricle 3 in right ventricle
Purpose of chordae tendinae
Tendinous cords that attach the aortic sinuses to the papillary muscles
What generates the rhythm of the heart?
Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
Location of sinoatrial node
Wall of right atrium between SVC and IVC
To what structure does the signal from the sinoatrial node travel?
Interatrial node
Where does the signal travel from the interatrial node?
Purkinje fibers located in the myocardium
Number the structures according to the direction of flow (1 - 10)
Which valve is more anterior: pulmonary or aortic?
Pulmonary
Define the structures highlighted in blue (right atrium)
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Define the red lines in the right atrial wall
Musculi pectinati
Define the structure in green
Crista terminalis
Define the structure outlined in red and indicated by an arrow (right atrium)
Exit to right ventricle
Define the oval structure between the green line and blue teardrop
Fossa ovalis
Define the large green area
Anterior cusp of the mitral valve
Define the green lines
Chordae tendinae
Define the red lines
Papillary muscles
Define the red dots
Orifices of the coronary arteries
Define the dark black dots (above the green area)
Aortic valve nodules
Define the structure circled in red
Pulmonary trunk
