Anatomy Lecture 2 -- Heart Internal Anatomy

Question 1

3 layers of heart

Answer 1

Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

Question 2

Definition of a valve

Answer 2

Fibrocartilage covered with endothelium/endocardium (depending on position)

Question 3

Function of valve

Answer 3

Ensure unidirectional bloodflow

Question 4

Locations of valves

Answer 4

Everywhere in body that requires unidirectional blood flow

Question 5

Which side is the mitral valve located?

Answer 5

Left (between left ventricle and atrium)

Question 6

Which side is tricuspid valve located?

Answer 6

Right (between right ventricle and atrium)

Question 7

What comprises the skeleton of the valve structure?

Answer 7

Fibrocartilage

Question 8

3 types of fibrous rings

Answer 8

Atrio-ventricular (mitral, tricuspid) Aortic Pulmonary

Question 9

2 types of fibrous trigones

Answer 9

Right (between aortic and mitral valves) Left (surrounded by aortic, tricuspid and mitral valves)

Question 10

Purpose of fibrous skeleton

Answer 10

Strength to structure (stabilization) Rigidity Attachment of ventricular muscle fibres

Question 11

Define the fossa ovalis

Answer 11

Membranous embryonic leftover where the blood used to shunt directly to left atrium from right atrium

Question 12

Define the crista terminalis

Answer 12

Fusion point between the right SV and atrium

Question 13

Define musculi pectinati

Answer 13

Fibres arranged like a rooster’s comb in the walls of the right atrium that are not strong enough to pump

Question 14

3 inflow holes in right atrium

Answer 14

SVC IVC coronary sinus

Question 15

1 outflow hole in right atrium

Answer 15

Tricuspid valve to right ventricle

Question 16

Define the trabeculae carnae

Answer 16

Folds of muscle in the ventricle

Question 17

Form of the aortic valve “flaps”

Answer 17

Bags (3 sinuses)

Question 18

Function of aortic valve noduels

Answer 18

Allow edges of sinuses to touch (complete closure)

Question 19

Define the papillary muscle

Answer 19

Modifications of the trabeculae carnae that contract to pull valve cusps downwards during ventricicular relaxation

Question 20

Number of popillary muscles in left and right

Answer 20

2 in left ventricle 3 in right ventricle

Question 21

Purpose of chordae tendinae

Answer 21

Tendinous cords that attach the aortic sinuses to the papillary muscles

Question 22

What generates the rhythm of the heart?

Answer 22

Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

Question 23

Location of sinoatrial node

Answer 23

Wall of right atrium between SVC and IVC

Question 24

To what structure does the signal from the sinoatrial node travel?

Answer 24

Interatrial node

Question 25

Where does the signal travel from the interatrial node?

Answer 25

Purkinje fibers located in the myocardium

Question 26

Number the structures according to the direction of flow (1 - 10)

Answer 26

Question 27

Which valve is more anterior: pulmonary or aortic?

Answer 27

Pulmonary

Question 28

Define the structures highlighted in blue (right atrium)

Answer 28

Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Coronary sinus

Question 29

Define the red lines in the right atrial wall

Answer 29

Musculi pectinati

Question 30

Define the structure in green

Answer 30

Crista terminalis

Question 31

Define the structure outlined in red and indicated by an arrow (right atrium)

Answer 31

Exit to right ventricle

Question 32

Define the oval structure between the green line and blue teardrop

Answer 32

Fossa ovalis

Question 33

Define the large green area

Answer 33

Anterior cusp of the mitral valve

Question 34

Define the green lines

Answer 34

Chordae tendinae

Question 35

Define the red lines

Answer 35

Papillary muscles

Question 36

Define the red dots

Answer 36

Orifices of the coronary arteries

Question 37

Define the dark black dots (above the green area)

Answer 37

Aortic valve nodules

Question 38

Define the structure circled in red

Answer 38

Pulmonary trunk