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Anatomy Lecture Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

embryology

A

the first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

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2
Q

developmental biology

A

the complete development of an individual form fertilization to death

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3
Q

cell biology

A

cellular structure and functions

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4
Q

histology

A

microscopic structure of tissues

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5
Q

gross anatomy

A

structures that can be examined without a microscope

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6
Q

systemic anatomy

A

structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory system

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7
Q

regional anatomy

A

specific regions of the body each as the head or the chest

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8
Q

surface anatomy

A

surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpitation (gentle touch)

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9
Q

imaging anatomy

A

internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical interventions

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10
Q

pathological anatomy

A

structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

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11
Q

molecular physiology

A

functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

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12
Q

neurophysiology

A

functional properties of nerve cells

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13
Q

endocrinology

A

hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions

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14
Q

immunology

A

the body’s defenses against disease-causing agents

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15
Q

cardiovascular physiology

A

functions of the heart and blood vessels

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16
Q

respiratory physiology

A

functions of the air passageways and lungs

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17
Q

renal physiology

A

functions of the kidneys

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18
Q

exercise physiology

A

changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

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19
Q

pathophysiology

A

functional changes associated with disease and aging

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20
Q

palpation

A

feeling the body surfaces with the hands; noninvasive technique

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21
Q

auscultation

A

listening to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs; noninvasive technique

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22
Q

percussion

A

tapping body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo; noninvasive

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23
Q

tissues

A

groups of similarly specialized cells and the surrounding substances- perform certain functions

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24
Q

organs

A

structures of definite form composed of two or more different tissues, have specific functions

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25
systems
related organs that have a common function
26
metabolism
sum of all chemical processes in the body
27
catabolism
the breakdown of complex chemical substances into similar components; decomposition
28
anabolism
the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components; synthesis
29
responsiveness
detect and respond to environmental changes
30
stimulus
disruption that changes a controlled condition
31
receptor
monitors changes in a controlled environment, sends input (nerve impulses, chemical signals) to a control center
32
control center
sets a range of values, evaluates input received from receptors, generates output commands
33
effector
receives output from control center, produces a response or effect, changes the controlled condition
34
negative feedback loop
a response reverses the original stimulus
35
anatomy
science of body structures and the relationships among them
36
dissection
the careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships
37
physiology
the science of body functions - how the body parts work
38
epithelial tissue
covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands
39
connective tissue
connects, supports ,and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues
40
muscular tissue
contracts to make body parts move and in the process generates heat
41
nervous tissue
carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses
42
inspection
the examiner observes the body for any changes that deviate from normal
43
growth
an increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both
44
differentiation
the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
45
stem cells
precursor cells which can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation
46
reproduction
the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement; the production of a new individual
47
feedback loop
a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, reevaluated, and so on
48
stimulus
any disruption that changes a controlled condition
49
controlled condition
monitored variables such as temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose level
50
afferent pathway
the pathway that the receptor uses to send information to the control center
51
efferent pathway
the pathway for output from the control center
52
positive feedback loop
strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions
53
disorder
any abnormality of structure or function
54
disease
a more specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms; alters body structures and functions in characteristic ways
55
local disease
affects one part or a limited region of the body
56
systemic disease
affects either the entire body or several parts of it
57
symptoms
subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer ex.) headache, nausea, anxiety
58
signs
objective changes that a health care professional can observe or measure can be either anatomical or physiological
59
epidemiology
the science that deals with why, when, and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals in a community
60
pharmacology
the science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease
61
diagnosis
the science and skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another
62
aging
a normal process characterized by a progressive decline in the body's ability to restore homeostasis
63
medical imaging
techniques and procedures used to create images of the human body

anatomy (22 decks)

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