Anatomy Lab Exercise 9

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

composed of 80 bones located along a vertical line, the longitudinal axis of the body
its bone support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and torso

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

composed of 126 bones that make up the upper limbs, lower limbs, and the bones of the girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 3

parts of the axial skeleton

Answer 3

skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and ear ossicles

Question 4

cranial cavity bones

Answer 4

form the cranial cavity that harbors and protects the brain and houses organs of hearing and equilibrium

Question 5

facial bones

Answer 5

provide the shape of the face, house the teeth, and provide attachments for all the muscles of facial expression

Question 6

major features of the skull

Answer 6

sutures, orbit of eye, bone markings, paranasal sinuses, nasal septum, hard palate, and fontanels in the fetal skull

Question 7

cranial cavity bones

Answer 7

parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

Question 8

2 parietal bones

Answer 8

superior lateral walls of cranial cavity

Question 9

2 temporal bones

Answer 9

inferior lateral walls; house organs of inner ear

Question 10

frontal bone

Answer 10

anterior portion of cranial cavity

Question 11

occipital bone

Answer 11

posterior wall and part of cranial cavity floor

Question 12

sphenoid bone

Answer 12

floor of cranial cavity posterior to ethmoid

Question 13

ethmoid bone

Answer 13

anterior portion of cranial cavity floor

Question 14

sutures

Answer 14

immovable joints between bones of the skull; coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous

Question 15

coronal suture

Answer 15

joins frontal and parietal bones

Question 16

sagittal suture

Answer 16

joins parietal bones

Question 17

lambdoid suture

Answer 17

joins both parietal bones with occipital bone

Question 18

2 squamous sutures

Answer 18

join temporal and parietal bones

Question 19

facial bones

Answer 19

14 facial bones,, 6 paired, 2 single

Question 20

2 maxillae bones

Answer 20

fused upper jaw bones

Question 21

2 zygomatic bones

Answer 21

cheek bones

Question 22

2 lacrimal bones

Answer 22

portion of orbit of eyes near nasal bones

Question 23

2 nasal bones

Answer 23

bridge of nose

Question 24

2 inferior nasal conchae

Answer 24

forms posterior lateral walls of nasal cavity

Question 25

2 palatine bones

Answer 25

fused bones that form posterior part of hard palate

Question 26

mandible bone

Answer 26

lower jaw bone

Question 27

vomer

Answer 27

inferior portion of nasal septum

Question 28

orbit of the eye bones

Answer 28

3 cranial cavity bones: frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid), 4 facial bones (maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, and palatine)

Question 29

supraorbital foramina

Answer 29

located on the frontal bone, 1 opening located above the orbit of each eye for supraorbital nerve and artery

Question 30

supraorbital ridges or margins

Answer 30

located on the frontal bone, thickening of frontal bone superior to orbit of each eye

Question 31

external acoustic (auditory) meatus

Answer 31

located on the temporal bones, tube-like opening for the ear canal

Question 32

mastoid process

Answer 32

located on the temporal bones, rounded projection posterior to external acoustic meatus; attachment for muscles

Question 33

styloid process

Answer 33

located on the temporal bones, long thin, projection on inferior skull surface; attachment for muscles and ligaments of tongue and neck

Question 34

zygomatic process

Answer 34

located on the temporal bones; projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone

Question 35

mandibular fossa

Answer 35

located on the temporal bones; depression for articulation with condylar process

Question 36

foramen lacerum

Answer 36

located on the temporal bones; jagged opening filled with cartilage in a living person

Question 37

carotid foramen

Answer 37

located on the temporal bones; foramen for internal carotid artery

Question 38

jugular foramen

Answer 38

located on the temporal bones; foramen for jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI

Question 39

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 39

located on the temporal bones; opening for an artery and cranial nerve VII

Question 40

internal acoustic (auditory) meatus

Answer 40

located on the temporal bones; opening for cranial nerve VIII

Question 41

fissure

Answer 41

narrow slit or cleft in a bone; opening for blood vessels and nerves

Question 42

foramen

Answer 42

opening or hole (foramina, pl.), opening for blood vessels and nerves

Question 43

fossa

Answer 43

shallow depression (fossae, pl.), muscle attachment or articulation (joint)

Question 44

meatus

Answer 44

tube-like passageway or opening (meati, pl.), passageway or canal for blood vessels and nerves

Question 45

condyle

Answer 45

smooth rounded articular process

Question 46

ramus

Answer 46

a small branch for articulation

Question 47

spine

Answer 47

pointed process for articulation

Question 48

foramen magnum

Answer 48

opening through which spinal cord connects to lower brain

Question 49

hypoglossal foramina

Answer 49

openings for cranial nerves XII

Question 50

occipital condyles

Answer 50

rounded processes that articulate with the atlas

Question 51

external occipital protuberance

Answer 51

projection at base of skull posterior to foramen magnum

Question 52

cribriform plates

Answer 52

one on either side of crista galli; form roof of nasal cavity

Question 53

crista galli

Answer 53

projection for attachment of membranes covering brain

Question 54

olfactory foramina

Answer 54

tiny holes in cribriform plate for cranial nerve I

Question 55

perpendicular plate

Answer 55

forms superior part of nasal septum

Question 56

superior nasal conchae

Answer 56

scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 57

middle nasal conchae

Answer 57

scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 58

foramina ovale

Answer 58

openings for mandibular branch of cranial nerve V

Question 59

foramina rotundum

Answer 59

openings for maxillary branch of cranial nerve V

Question 60

sella turcica

Answer 60

bony projection that surrounds and protects pituitary gland

Question 61

greater and lesser wings

Answer 61

form anterior and lateral floor of cranial cavity

Question 62

optic foramina

Answer 62

openings for cranial nerve II

Question 63

inferior orbital fissures

Answer 63

openings for blood vessels and nerves

Question 64

superior orbital fissures

Answer 64

openings for blood vessels and cranial nerves III. IV, V, and VI (ophthalmic branch)

Question 65

pterygoid processes (medial and lateral)

Answer 65

wing-like projections on the base of the skull in the middle section of the sphenoid bone

Question 66

alveoli

Answer 66

tooth sockets

Question 67

palatine process

Answer 67

fused processes that form the anterior part of hard palate

Question 68

body of mandible

Answer 68

curved, anterior portion of mandible

Question 69

mental foramina

Answer 69

openings in chin for nerves and blood vessels

Question 70

rami

Answer 70

posterior branches, one on either side of the body of mandible

Question 71

condylar processes (mandibular condyles)

Answer 71

rounded processes on rami that articulate with temporal bone at the mandibular fossa to form the TMJ

Question 72

coronoid processes

Answer 72

triangular projections of rami anterior to the condylar processes

Question 73

lacrimal fossa

Answer 73

canal that houses lacrimal sac; formed from the maxilla and lacrimal bone

Question 74

temporal process

Answer 74

projects posteriorly; temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone form the zygomatic arch

Question 75

paranasal sinuses

Answer 75

cavities line with mucous membranes that are located near and have openings into the nasal cavities the ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid bones contain paranasal sinuses

Question 76

nasal septum

Answer 76

comprised of 2 bones and cartilage the vomer is inferior to the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone the septal cartilage is anterior to these bones

Question 77

hard palate

Answer 77

the roof of the mouth formed by the fusion of 4 bones 2 palatine processes of the maxillary bones and 2 palatine bones

Question 78

fontanel

Answer 78

soft spots on a newborn skull made of fibrous connective tissue allows the cranial cavity bones to compress during birth and permit rapid growth of the brain and skull during the early years

Question 79

vertebral column

Answer 79

a flexible structure that can be bent, twisted, rotated, especially in the cervical region consists of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum and coccyx

Question 80

5 regions of the vertebral column

Answer 80

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1), coccygeal (1)

Question 81

body of vertebra

Answer 81

located anteriorly; the largest part of the vertebra

Question 82

pedicle of vertebra

Answer 82

attached to and extends posteriorly on either side of the body

Question 83

transverse process of vertebra

Answer 83

extends laterally from each pedicle

Question 84

lamina of vertebra

Answer 84

connects transverse processes to the spinous process

Question 85

spinous process of vertebra

Answer 85

projects posteriorly from fused lamina

Question 86

vertebral arch

Answer 86

formed by the fusion of pedicles and laminae

Question 87

vertebral foramen

Answer 87

large opening formed by the vertebral arch that protects the spinal cord

Question 88

superior and anterior articular processes with facets of vertebra

Answer 88

extend from the vertebra at the junction of the pedicle and lamina to articulate with a superior and inferior vertebra, respectively