Anatomy - Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards Preview

Y2 Renal > Anatomy - Lower Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy - Lower Urinary Tract Deck (56)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what are the two parts of the pelvis?

A

true pelvis

false pelvis

2
Q

where is the false pelvis found?

A

from iliac crests to pelvic inlet

3
Q

where is the true pelvis found?

A

pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

4
Q

what is the false pelvis part of?

A

the abdominal cavity

5
Q

what is another name for the true pelvis?

A

pelvic cavity

6
Q

where is the bladder found?

A

the pelvic cavity

7
Q

name one muscle of the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani

8
Q

what is the perineum?

A

a shallow compartment between the pelvic floor muscles and the skin

9
Q

where do the ureters pass as they enter the true pelvis?

A

anterior common iliac vessels

10
Q

what happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine?

A

they turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

11
Q

what word can be used to describe the route the ureters take to the bladder?

A

subperitoneal

12
Q

what direction do the ureters enter the bladder at and why?

A

inferomedial

helps prevent urine reflux

13
Q

what does the ureter run inferiorly to in females?

A

uterine tubes

uterine artery

14
Q

what does the ureter run inferiorly to in males?

A

vas deferens

15
Q

what is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity?

A

the rectovesical pouch

16
Q

what does the round ligament of the uterus do?

A

attaches the uterus to the perineum, via the inguinal canal

17
Q

what is the most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity?

A

the rectouterine pouch

aka the pouch of Douglas

18
Q

what artery branches to give most of the arteries in the pelvis?

A

internal iliac

19
Q

what artery gives off the prostatic artery?

A

vesical artery

20
Q

where do the veins in the pelvis drain to?

A

the internal iliac vein

21
Q

what three things form the trigone of the bladder

A

2 ureteric orifices

internal urethral orifice

22
Q

what is the smooth part of the internal bladder called?

A

the trigone

23
Q

what muscle forms the majority of the bladder wall?

A

the detrusor muscle

24
Q

what type of muscle is the detrusor muscle?

A

smooth

25
Q

why do detrusor muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices?

A

tighten when the bladder contracts to prevent reflux up the ureter

26
Q

what does the detrusor muscle form in the neck of the male bladder and why?

A

the internal urethral sphincter muscle

prevents retrograde ejaculation into the bladder

27
Q

what is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?

A

the bladder

28
Q

what does the empty bladder lie posterior to?

A

the pubic bone

29
Q

what lies superior to the bladder in a female?

A

the uterus

30
Q

what separates the bladder from the uterus?

A

the uterovesical pouch

31
Q

what lies inferior to the bladder in males?

A

the prostate

32
Q

where does an empty bladder lie?

A

the pelvic cavity

33
Q

what surface of the bladder is covered with peritoneum?

A

superior only

34
Q

where can a full bladder lie?

A

can extend into the false pelvis

35
Q

what are the two possible routes for catheterising a patient?

A

urethral

suprapubic

36
Q

what do the testes sit within inside the scrotum?

A

the tunica vaginalis

37
Q

what are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis called?

A

visceral

parietal

38
Q

what is excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis called?

A

a hydrocele

39
Q

in a male, what structures pass through the deep inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal (5)

A
testicular artery 
testicular vein 
vas deferens 
lymphatics 
nerves
40
Q

what does the testicular artery arise from?

A

the abdominal aorta

41
Q

where does the right testicular vein drain?

A

the inferior vena cava

42
Q

where does the left testicular vein drain?

A

the left renal vein, which then drains into the IVC

43
Q

what does the prostate gland surround?

A

the prostatic urethra

44
Q

what is the inferior aspect of the prostate in contact with?

A

levator ani muscles

45
Q

where do the secretions from the prostate drain?

A

into the prostatic urethra through the prostatic ducts

46
Q

what are the zones of the prostate?

A

peripheral (2)

central

47
Q

what part of the prostate is felt on PR exam?

A

peripheral zone

48
Q

where do most prostate cancers arise?

A

the peripheral zone

49
Q

where is the penis located?

A

the perineum

50
Q

what are the three cylinders of erectile tissue?

A

corpus spongiosum

corpus cavernosum - right and left

51
Q

where does the root of the penis attach?

A

the ischium

52
Q

what does the blood supply to the penis consist of?

A

deep arteries of the penis

branches of the pudendal artery

53
Q

what is the pudendal artery a branch of?

A

the internal iliac

54
Q

what does the blood supply to the scrotum consist of?

A

internal pudendal artery

branches from the external iliac

55
Q

where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis drain?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

excludes the glans

56
Q

where does lymph from the testes drain?

A

lumbar nodes