Anatomy - Upper Urinary Tract

Question 1

name the structures of the urinary tract from top to bottom

Answer 1

kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra

Question 2

what does the kidney do?

Answer 2

produces urine

Question 3

what does the ureter do?

Answer 3

drains urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 4

what does the bladder do?

Answer 4

stores and voids urine

Question 5

what does the urethra do?

Answer 5

excretes urine (+ semen in males)

Question 6

what are the two main divisions of the urinary tract?

Answer 6

upper and lower

Question 7

what makes up the upper urinary tract?

Answer 7

kidneys

ureters

Question 8

where can an upper UTI spread to?

Answer 8

the kidneys

Question 9

what makes up the lower urinary tract?

Answer 9

bladder

urethra

Question 10

what parts of the urinary tract are found in the abdomen?

Answer 10

kidneys

proximal ureters

Question 11

what parts of the urinary tract are found in the pelvis?

Answer 11

distal ureters
bladder
proximal urethra

Question 12

what type of abdominal organ is the kidney?

Answer 12

retroperitoneal

Question 13

what part of the urinary tract is located in the perineum?

Answer 13

distal urethra

Question 14

what are the three structures of the renal hilum?

Answer 14

renal artery
renal vein
ureter

Question 15

what is the most anterior structure of the renal hilum?

Answer 15

renal vein

Question 16

what is the most posterior structure of the renal hilum?

Answer 16

renal artery

Question 17

what is the most inferior structure of the renal hilum?

Answer 17

ureter

Question 18

what are the three layers of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 18

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

Question 19

what lies laterally to the kidneys?

Answer 19

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

Question 20

where is the hilum of the kidney found?

Answer 20

at the medial aspect of the kidney

Question 21

what are the five layers of tissue found anteriorly to the kidneys?

Answer 21

renal capsule 
perinephric fat 
renal fascia 
paranephric fat 
visceral peritoneum

Question 22

what are the two types of fat around the kidney?

Answer 22

perinephric - liquidy

paranephric - normal fat

Question 23

what is another name for the renal fascia?

Answer 23

deep fascia of the kidneys

Question 24

what is found posterior to the kidney?

Answer 24

quadratus lumborum

psoas major

Question 25

what is the renal artery a branch of?

Answer 25

the abdominal aorta

Question 26

why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left?

Answer 26

due to the liver

Question 27

what vertebral level does the right kidney lie at?

Answer 27

L1-L3

Question 28

what vertebral level does the left kidney lie at?

Answer 28

T12-L2

Question 29

what ribs are found posterior to the kidneys?

Answer 29

11+12 - floating ribs

Question 30

what quadrant are the kidneys located in?

Answer 30

right and left upper

Question 31

what region are the kidneys located in?

Answer 31

lumbar aka flank

Question 32

what is palpating the kidneys called?

Answer 32

balloting

Question 33

what direction do the kidneys move when breathing?

Answer 33

``` inspiration = inferior expiration = superior ```

Question 34

what is the right kidney found posterior to? (4)

Answer 34

liver 2nd part of duodenum ascending colon right colic flexure

Question 35

what is the left kidney found posterior to? (4)

Answer 35

stomach tail of pancreas hilum of spleen splenic vessels

Question 36

where does lymph from the kidneys drain?

Answer 36

lumbar nodes

Question 37

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

Answer 37

umbilicus level

Question 38

what five vessels give branches to supply the ureter?

Answer 38

``` renal artery abdominal aorta common iliac artery internal iliac artery vesical artery ```

Question 39

where does lymph from the ureter drain?

Answer 39

lumbar nodes | iliac nodes

Question 40

what are two possible causes of having one kidney?

Answer 40

agenesis | nephrectomy

Question 41

what are the outer and inner parts of the kidney called?

Answer 41

outer cortex | inner medulla

Question 42

what makes up the real medulla?

Answer 42

renal pyramids

Question 43

what are the renal pyramids made of?

Answer 43

nephrons regularly arranged to give striped appearance

Question 44

what is the sequence of drainage through the kidneys?

Answer 44

``` nephrons minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter ```

Question 45

what is the pelviureteric junction?

Answer 45

where the wider renal pelvis becomes the narrow ureter

Question 46

what are the three costriction sites within the renal system?

Answer 46

pelviureteric junction ureter crossing the common iliac artery ureteric orifice

Question 47

where does the ureter enter the bladder?

Answer 47

the ureteric orifice