Anatomy: nervous system

Question 1

Sensory functions

Answer 1

Pain
Touch
Temperature
Senses

Question 2

Motor functions

Answer 2

Movement

Question 3

Composition of neurones

Answer 3

Dendrites
Body (contains nucleus)
Axon (nerve fibre which carries APs)
Myelin sheath (covers axon)

Question 4

Afferent neurones

Answer 4

Sensory

Brings signal towards the CNS

Question 5

Efferent neurones

Answer 5

Motor

Projects away from the CNS

Question 6

Synapse

Answer 6

Site of chemical communication between neurones
Neurones meet but don’t physically touch
Ensures that only truly meaningful info is conveyed along the neurone chain

Question 7

Somatic nervous system

Answer 7

Body wall (external environment) 
eg: skin, skeleton, lining of body cavities

Question 8

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

Visceral motor system 
Internal environment
Involuntary
sympathetic & parasympathetic 
eg: organs

Question 9

Grey matter of the cerebral cortex is outer/inner

Answer 9

Outer

Question 10

White matter of the cerebral cortex is outer/inner

Answer 10

Inner

Question 11

Brainstem

Answer 11

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Becomes the SC when it leaves the cranial vault (via foramen magnum)

Question 12

SC is shorter/longer than vertebral column

Answer 12

Shorter

Question 13

Where does CNI arise

Answer 13

Cerebrum

Question 14

Where does CNII arise

Answer 14

Thalmus

Question 15

Where does CNXI arise

Answer 15

Spinal cord

Question 16

Where does CNIII-CNX & CNXII arise

Answer 16

Brainstem

Question 17

Where are spinal nerves located

Answer 17

Within intervertebral foramina (the space between adjacent vertebrae)

Question 18

Anterior roots & rootlets ?

sensory/motor/mixed

Answer 18

Motor

think - ARM

Question 19

Posterior roots & rootlets ?

sensory/motor/mixed

Answer 19

Sensory

Question 20

Anterior & posterior rami?

Answer 20

Mixed

Question 21

How are spinal nerves named?

Answer 21

According to the vertebrae above it

except in the cervical region where they are named according to the vertebrae below it

Question 22

What does posterior rami supply?

Answer 22

Posterior median strip of each body segment

Question 23

What does anterior rami supply?

Answer 23

Everything that the posterior rami doesn’t cover

Question 24

Sympathetic nerves (ANS)

Answer 24

Originates in brain
Passes doen SC
Exits SC with T1-L2 spinal nerves (thoracolumbar outflow)
in anterior roots & rootlets
Travels to sympathetic chains
Passes into all spinal nerves and hitch a ride with them
Pass into splanchnic nerves to supply organs

Question 25

Parasympathetic nerves (ANS)

Answer 25

``` Cranio-sacral outflow - Leave CNS via CNIII, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal nerves Supply internal organs Long presynaptic fibre Synapse occurs at organ Short postsynaptic fibre ```

Question 26

Where is the level of the male nipple

Answer 26

T4

Question 27

Where is the level of the umbilicus

Answer 27

T10

Question 28

Dermatome

Answer 28

Area of skin supplied by both anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve

Question 29

Body wall sensory & motor supply

Answer 29

Sensory - somatic sensory | Motor - somatic motor

Question 30

Organs sensory & motor supply

Answer 30

Sensory - visceral afferent | Motor - sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 31

Special sense organs sensory & motor supply

Answer 31

Sensory - special sensory | Motor - sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 32

Somatic sensory pathway

Answer 32

Sensory AP's synapse at dorsal horn at SC Signal crosses the SC and goes to the brainstem and towards the thalamus. Second synapse occurs at thalmus Third neurone goes to the cortex of the brain

Question 33

Somatic motor pathway

Answer 33

Upper motor neurone - originates oposite side from movement Lower motor neurone - originates same side as movement

Question 34

Visceral afferents

Answer 34

Sensations from organs to CNS | commonly travel with sympathetics and parasympathetics

Question 35

Sympathetic system

Answer 35

Fight and flight

Question 36

Parasympathetic system

Answer 36

Rest and digest