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Anatomy and pathology > Anatomy of CNS > Flashcards

Anatomy of CNS Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system (CNS) & Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

The central nervous system consists of…

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of

A

Cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord

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4
Q

The brain is also known as…

A

Encephalon

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5
Q

The spinal cord is also known as the

A

Medulla spinalis

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6
Q

Neurons consist of

A

Dendrites, a cell body and an axon

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7
Q

The axon may be coated in ____ which speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses or electrical excitability

A

Myelin Sheath

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8
Q

_____ neurons carry impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory

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9
Q

____ neurons carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

A

Motor

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10
Q

____ hold neurons together and protect them

A

Neuroglia

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11
Q

____ help for the blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

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12
Q

____ move through brain tissue consuming microbes, and damaged cells

A

Microglia

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13
Q

____ generate and maintain the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons

A

Oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

____ matter is aggregations of myelinated and unmyelinated axons of many neurons

A

White

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15
Q

___ matter of the nervous system contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axons terminals and neuroglia

A

Gray

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16
Q

What cranial meninge sits closest to the skulll

A

Dura mater

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17
Q

What cranial meninge sits closet to the brain

A

Pia mater

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18
Q

What are the 3 parts of the dura mater?

A

Falx cerebri, Falx cerebelli, Tentorium cerebelli

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19
Q

What is the middle layer or the cranial meninge and is web shaped

A

Arachonoid mater

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20
Q

The epidural space is between ___ and ____

A

Outer layer of dura and cranium

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21
Q

The subdural space is between the ___ and ____

A

inner layer of dura mater and arachnoid mater

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22
Q

The subarachnoid space( CSF) is between the ___ and ____

A

Arachoid mater and Pia mater

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23
Q

The dural sinuses are venous channels that lie between the two layers of the _____

A

Dura mater

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24
Q

The adult brain consists of four major parts, these include….

A

The brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon & Cerebrum

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25
The largest part of the brain is the….
Cerebrum
26
The cerebrum performs higher functions like….
Interpreting touch, visions and hearing. As well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning and fine control of movement
27
The lobes of cerebrum include…
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe and Insula (central)
28
The longitudinal fissure separates the brain into ____ hemispheres
Right & Left
29
What structure connects the right and left side of the brain
Corpus callosum
30
The ____ relays sensory info the cerebral cortex, assigns an emotion to feelings, regulates LOC, regulates complex reflex movements
Thalamus
31
This is the hormonal “head quarters”, controls heart beat, blood pressure, digestions, water balance, body temp, sleep cycles and hormone secretion
Hypothalamus
32
The ____ maintains body’s “clock” through daily, monthly and seasonal cycles
Pineal gland
33
The ______ is the interpretation center for sensory impulses (pain, temperate and touch)
Thalamus
34
The _____ is interconnected with the thalamus, processes and modulates movement signals, and the thalamus relays it to the cortex
Cerebral Nuclei
35
What controls important bodily functions (homeostasis)
Hypothalmus
36
The neurohypophysis is made up of the ____ and _____
Infundiubulum and posterior pituitary gland
37
The brain stem is made up of ….
Midbrrain, pons, and medulla oblongota
38
The _____ conveys information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord, medulla oblongata and the pons
Midbrain
39
The ____ functions with the medulla oblongata in controlling respiration
Pons
40
The pons specifically controls…
The amount of air taken with each breath and rate of inspiration
41
The _____ is the lower part of the brainstem that is continuous with the spinal cord
Medulla oblongata
42
The medulla oblongata controls….
Heart rate, breathing and blood pressure
43
The second largest part of the brain and contains almost half of the neurons in the brain
The cerebellum
44
The cerebellum coordinates….
skilled movements, regulates posture and balance
45
The arbor vitae is ____ matter
White
46
The cerebella cortex is ___ matter
gray
47
Hemipsheric lateralization is
the distinction between functions of the right and left hemispheres of the brain
48
The Left hemisphere receives…
somatic sensory signals from and controls the muscles on the right side of the body
49
the left hemisphere is responsible for
reasoning, math and science and spoken and written language
50
The right hemisphere receives…
somatic sensory signals from and controls the muscles on the left side of the body
51
the right hemisphere is responsible for…
music and artistic awareness, spatial and pattern perception, recognition and facial expressions, emotional content of lanaguage
52
The ____ allows communication between the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum
Corpus callosum
53
____ is a clear, colorless liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
54
It is made from fluid filtered out of the blood by a network of brain capillary’s known as the _____
choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain
55
CSF is mostly made of ____, but also has ____
water, glucose, oxygen and other chemicals from the blood for the neurons and neuroglia
56
CSF circulates around the brain and spinal cord in the ____ space
Subarachoid
57
______ joined by tight junctions and pia mater cover the capillaries of the choroid plexuses
Ependymal cells
58
Due to the tight junctions between ependymal cells, materials entering CSF from choroid capillaries cannot leak between these cells, instead they must pass through the ______
ependymal cells due
59
The _____ prevents unwanted substances in the CSF, therefore protecting the brain from some blood borne pathogens
Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
60
The Blood-brain barrier is formed by
A border of endothelial cells of the brain capillaries, astrocytes that press against the vessel creating tight junctions
61
The BBB allows ____ to cross the the BBB into interstitial space of the brain tissue
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose and a few other substances
62
Does chemo cross through the blood brain barrier?
No
63
The CNS is protected by a group of collective membranes known as the
menniges
64
The two types of cells found in the nervous system are the
Neurons and Glia
65
What are the three parts of the Diencephalon?
Thalamus, Hypothalmus, Epithalmus
66
Patients spinal cord ends around….
L1/L2
67
Can alcohol cross the BBB
Yes

Anatomy and pathology (3 decks)

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