Anatomy of Eye, Ear

Question 1

7 eye muscles

Answer 1

Laterl rectus 
Inferior and superior rectus
Medial rectus 
Superior and inferior oblique
Levator palpabrae

Question 2

which muscles originate from the orbit

Answer 2

all apart from the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE , INFERIOR OBLIQUE AND LEVATOR PALPABRAE

Question 3

Where does the superior oblique arise from

Answer 3

sphenoid bone and hooks through the trochlea

Question 4

where does the inferior oblique and lps arise from

Answer 4

IO- anterior part of orbit

lps- sphenoid

Question 5

what are the medial and lateral rectus responsible for

Answer 5

medial- intorsion, addiction

lateral- extorsion abduction

Question 6

role of levator palpabrae

Answer 6

elevates the upper eyelid

Question 7

primary and secondary action of superior rectus

Answer 7

1. elevates the eye

2, adducts and medially rotates

Question 8

primary and secondary roles of inferior rectus

Answer 8

1-depresses the eye

2- abducts and laterally rotates

Question 9

Where and what are the semi circular canals

Answer 9

structures inside the inner ear
within the petrous part of temporal bone
3 - anterior, posterior and lateral

Question 10

why are the SSC at right angles

Answer 10

detects movement of head

Question 11

what are the 3 senseorgans

Answer 11

crista
macula of uricle
macula of saccule

Question 12

4 functions of semi circular canala

Answer 12

Detect movement of the head. Send this info centrally.

Rotation of the head in the same plane as one of the canals:

endolymph moves in the opposite direction
cupula and hair cells in the ampulla bend in the opposite direction

Question 13

muscles in the middle ear ?

Answer 13

tensor tympani and stapedius

Question 14

Smallest bone in the body ?

Answer 14

Stapes

Question 15

Role of the middle ear?

Answer 15

Acoustic impedance match between air and fluid filled inner ear

Question 16

role of the eustachian tube

Answer 16

Helps to drain fluid and equalise air pressure inside your ears
Connects to the pharynx

Question 17

role of the labyrinth

Answer 17

responsible for balance

Question 18

3 compartments of the cochlea

Answer 18

Scala Tympani, Scala Media & Scala vestibuli

Question 19

what is the cochlears role

Answer 19

hearing

Question 20

Purpose of astrocytic end feet

Answer 20

They regulate the permeability of the blood brain barrier

Question 21

what are the three layers of the eye

Answer 21

outer layer- sclera and cornea
middle layer- uvea
inner layer- retina

Question 22

what is the cornea made up from

Answer 22

collagen

Question 23

5 layers of the cornea

Answer 23

epithelium
bowmans layer
stroma
Descemet's layer
endothelium

Question 24

function of endothelium in cornea

Answer 24

to move water out the cornea so water can pass through

Question 25

what is the uvea made from

Answer 25

cililary body, iris, and choroid

Question 26

main function of iris?

Answer 26

contains dilator and sphincter pupillae muscles to change amount of light that can enter

Question 27

what is the cilialry body made from histology

Answer 27

Ciliary body – glandular epithelium produces aqueous humour ciliary allow for accommodation

Question 28

what is between iris and lens

Answer 28

posterior chamber

Question 29

choroid function?

Answer 29

provides blood supply to outer third of retina

Question 30

NEURAL PATHWAY IN RETINA

Answer 30

``` Retinal photorecptors Bipolar cells Amacrine & horizontal cells Mullers glial cells Retinal ganglion cells ```

Question 31

FUNCTION OF ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Answer 31

Nutrition to lens and cornea | Aqueous humour

Question 32

roles of the lens

Answer 32

Transmit light and focus it on the retina

Question 33

what are opsins

Answer 33

Opsins are transmembrane proteins which contain the light sensitive molecule retinal

Question 34

Normal papillary light reflex

Answer 34

Ipsilateral pupil contracts - direct response | Contralteral pupil consteicts - consensual response

Question 35

What is the corneoscelral junction

Answer 35

Where the cornea and sclera meet

Question 36

What do SO and IO do together

Answer 36

Abduction

Question 37

Layers of the retina

Answer 37

Outer- pigmented contains melanin | Inner layer - photoreceptors , light transduction vit a storage

Question 38

Which muscles are innervated by occulomotor

Answer 38

Levator palpebrae Superior rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus inferior oblique

Question 39

Which muscle is innervated by trochlear

Answer 39

Superior oblique

Question 40

Which muscle is innervated by abducens nerve

Answer 40

Lateral rectus

Question 41

What secretes tears

Answer 41

Lacrimal apparatus

Question 42

Purpose of macula

Answer 42

Acuity of vision | Contains only cones

Question 43

What do the ciliary processes make

Answer 43

Aqueous humour

Question 44

What does damage to optic tract cause

Answer 44

Bitemporal heminopia

Question 45

Lesion to right optic nerve

Answer 45

Right anopia

Question 46

Damage right optic tract

Answer 46

Right homonymous hemianopia

Question 47

How do visual fields work

Answer 47

Nasal tract crosses over | Temporal tract stays on the same side

Question 48

Three parts of external ear

Answer 48

Auricle External acoustic meatus Tympanic membrane

Question 49

Role of the auricle

Answer 49

Directs sound into external acoustic meatus

Question 50

Role of external acoustic meatus

Answer 50

Transmits sound to the tympanic membrane | Has cerumen , prevents pathogens and insects from reaching the tympanic membrane

Question 51

Role of tympanic membrane

Answer 51

Vibrates in response to sound Transmits vibrations to ossicles Separates ext and middle ear

Question 52

Role of oval window

Answer 52

Amplifies sound and transmits it to Scalia vestibuli

Question 53

What is the cochlear duct filled with

Answer 53

Endolymph

Question 54

What makes up the organ of corti

Answer 54

Hair cells Supporting cells Auditory nerve fibres

Question 55

3 ossicles in ear

Answer 55

Incus Malleus Stapes

Question 56

Sense organ of hearing and location

Answer 56

Organ of corti | Basilar membrane

Question 57

Neural pathway of hearing

Answer 57

``` Eighth cranial nerve Cochlear Olivary nucleus Lateral leminiscus Inferior colliculus Medial geniculate body Auditory cortex ```

Question 58

Where do the two components of the vestibulocochlear nerve arise from

Answer 58

Vestibular component - vestibular nuclei in pons and medulla Cochlear - ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei in inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 59

What is the function of vestibular hair cells

Answer 59

Detect changes in motion and position of the head

Question 60

Sound pathway

Answer 60

Sound ➡️ ext acoustic meatus ➡️ vibration of tympanic membrane ➡️ ossicle vibration ➡️oval window ➡️fluid filled vibrations in cochlea ➡️organ of corti ➡️ basilar membrane ➡️hair cell depolarisation ➡️cochlear nerve ➡️cn8➡️auditory cortex

Question 61

Parts of the inner ear

Answer 61

Semi circular Canal Cochlea Fluid filled space within a bone

Question 62

Innervation of stapedius

Answer 62

Facial nerve

Question 63

Innervation of eustachain tube

Answer 63

Glossopharangyeal

Question 64

What allows for the transmission of action potentials in thr ear

Answer 64

Different concentration of ions

Question 65

What is the bony labyrinth formed by

Answer 65

Vestibule Three semi circular canals Cochlea