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SM Renal > Anatomy of Male Reproductive tract and Lower urinary tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of Male Reproductive tract and Lower urinary tract Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the false pelvis located

A

From the iliac crests to the pelvic inlet (part of the abdominal cavity)

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2
Q

Where is the true pelvis located

A

Pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

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3
Q

What is another word for the true pelvis

A

Pelvic cavity

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4
Q

Where is the bladder located

A

Pelvic Cavity

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5
Q

What is the name of the pelvic floor muscles

A

Levator Ani

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6
Q

Where does the urethra pass from and where does it go to

A

Passes through the pelvic floor and into the perineum

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7
Q

How is the pelvic floor formed

A

By the bowl shaped pelvic diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the pelvic floor made up of

A

Lots of muscles including the Levator Ani

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9
Q

What are some of the openings in the pelvic floor

A

Distal parts of alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts

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10
Q

Where does the perineum lie

A

Between pelvic floor and skin

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11
Q

The ureters pass anteriorly to what before entering the pelvis

A

The common iliac vessels

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12
Q

What happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine

A

They turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

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13
Q

What helps prevent reflux of urine back into he ureters when the bladder contracts

A

The fact that the ureters enter the posterior bladder wall in an inferomedial direction

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14
Q

Where do the ureters lie in relation to the pelvic wall

A

They follow the lateral walls of the true pelvis

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15
Q

What is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity

A

The rectovesicle pouch

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16
Q

Where does the ureter lie in relation to the vas deferens

A

It passes posteriorly and inferiorly

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17
Q

What does the round ligament in the female do

A

Attaches the uterus to the perineum via the inguinal canal

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18
Q

What is the name of the pouch that lies between the bladder and uterus

A

vesico-uterine pouch

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19
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch or the pouch of Douglas

A

The most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

Where does the uterus run in relation to the uterine tubes and the uterine artery

A

Inferiorly - like water under a bridge

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21
Q

What are the names of the branches coming from the internal iliac artery in females

A

Vesical arteries
Uterine artery
Middle rectal artery
Vaginal artery

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22
Q

What artery supplies the prostate gland and what is it a branch of

A

Prostatic artery and it is a branch of the vesical arteries

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23
Q

What structures form the 3 corners of the trigone

A

2 ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice

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24
Q

What is the trigone

A

A triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder

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25
Both males and females have an internal urethral sphincter. True or False
False - only males do
26
What is the superior border of the bladder in contact with
The peritoneum
27
What is the name of the muscle which forms the main bulk of the bladder wall called
Detrusor muscle
28
What does the detrusor muscle do around the neck of the male bladder and what is it's function
forms the internal urethral sphincter muscles which contacts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder
29
What is the function of the detrusor muscle in both males and females
The muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices and the fibres tighten when the bladder contracts Also prevents reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter
30
What is the most anterior organ in the pelvis
The bladder
31
What happens when the bladder is full with regards to its anatomical position
It extends out of the true pelvis and into the false pelvis: its superior part lies superior to the pubic bone Superior part is still covered by the peritoneum
32
How is a suprapubic catheter inserted
Through the anterior abdominal wall and avoiding the peritoneal cavity Needle is inserted superior to the pubic bone
33
How long is the female urethra
4 cm long
34
Is the external urethral spincter under voluntary or involuntary action
Voluntary - skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra
35
How long is the male urethra
20cm long
36
Where does the spongy urethra lie
within the corpus spongiosum
37
Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control
Involuntary
38
Describe the route that sperm takes form being produced to ejaculated
``` Produced in testicle stored in epididymis Passes through the vas deferens Through the seminal gland Through the ejaculatory duct Thought the prostate gland Into the prostatic urethra Into the spongy urethra Exits via the external urethral orrifice ```
39
Describe the route of the vas deferens
The vas deferens passes through the spermatic cord and the inguinal canal, superficial ring and then the deep ring to enter the abdomen. Vas deferens runs posteriorly to the bladder Then meets the ejaculatory duct before passing into the prostate gland
40
When do the testes move from their original position in the posterior abdomen through the inguinal canal to the scrotum
During embryological and metal development
41
What is located within the spermatic cord
Testicular artery Testicular vein vas deferens Lymphatic vessles
42
The testis sit within a sac. What is the name of this sac
Tunica vaginalis
43
What is located between the visceral layer and parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis
Fluid
44
What is the function of the appendix testis
There is no function | Simply an embryological remnant
45
What can happen to the appendix testis
It can twist causing torsion of appendix testis which can lead to necrosis
46
What is a hydrocele
Excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis
47
Where are the testis and epididymus attached to the spermatic cord
superiorly
48
Why are the tests at risk of twisting (torsion of the spermatic cord)
They are quite mobile within the scrotum
49
What does the right spermatic cord contain
vas deferens testicular artery pampiniform venous plexus
50
What does the pampiniform venous plexus do
Drains deoxygenated blood from the testis
51
What structures pass through the deep inguinal ring
``` Testicular artery Testicular vein Vas deferens Lymphatics Nerves ```
52
What is the equivalent of the testicular artery in females
Ovarian artery
53
What are the ovarian arteries and testicular arteries also known as
Gonadal arteries
54
The right testicular vein drains into what
The IVC
55
The left testicular vein drains into what
The left renal vein before joining with the IVC
56
Where can the epididymus be palpated
Posterior aspect of the testis
57
What does a normal vas deferens feel like
A thick piece of string
58
Where does the vas deferens being
At the inferior pole of the testis
59
Where is the ejaculatory duct found
within the body of the prostate gland
60
Describe the appearance of the prostate gland and its anatomical relationship with neighbouring structures
Walnut sized surrounds the prostatic urethra inferior aspect is in contact with the elevator ani muscle
61
What are the 2 zones of the prostate gland
Central and peripheral
62
What zone is felt during a prostate examination
Peripheral zone
63
Where do most prostate cancers arise
In the peripheral zone
64
Where does the penis lie
Within the perineum
65
What is the lateral aspect of the root of the penis attached to
The ischium (bone) of the pelvis
66
What happens during an erection
3 cylinders of erectile tissue become engorged with blood at arterial pressure
67
What do the right and left corpus cavernous do
Transmit the deep arteries of the penis
68
What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue
Right and left corpus cavernosum | Corpus spongiosum
69
What can retraction of the prepuce lead to
constriction of the neck of the glans causing it to swell
70
What is the name of the procedure in which the prepuce is surgically removed
Circumcision
71
How is blood delivered to the penis
via the deep arteries of the penis - branches of the internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac)
72
How is blood delivered to the scrotum
Dual blood supply: | Via the internal pudendal and branches from the external iliac artery
73
Where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis (not the glans) drain t
superficial fascia in the groin
74
Where does lymph from the testis drain to
Lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta
75
Where does lymph from the glans drain to
the deep inguinal lymph nodes

SM Renal (23 decks)

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