Flashcards in Physiology 2 Deck (61)
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1
What foreign compounds do the kidneys excrete
Drugs and their metabolites
food additives
pesticides
2
What metabolic waste do the kidneys excrete
Urea, bilirubin and uric acid
3
What is bilirubin a byproduct of
Haemoglobin
4
What is uric acid a byproduct of
purine metabolism
5
What is urea a byproduct of
protein metabolism
6
Why can we never completely turn of urine production
we have to get rid of some metabolic wastes in the solution
7
What does renin do
control the renin-angiotensin system and controls arterial blood pressure
8
What do we do in response to hypoxia
Increase the secretion of erythropoietin to bring about more RBC production
9
Why do we need calcitriol
To stimulate calcium absorption in the GI tract
10
How is vitamin D converted into Calcitriol
The OH group added by either the liver or by cells in the kidney
11
What is the primary function o the kidney
to regulate the volume, composition and osmolarity of the body fluids
12
How do we maintain homeostasis in the body
Input = Output
13
What is the major loss of water from the body
Urine
14
Where are the kidneys located
Between T12 and L3
15
What helps the smooth muscle of the ureter to propel urine for the kidney down to the bladder
Peristalsis
16
What does the urinary bladder act as
A temporary store vessel for urine until there is an appropriate time to expel the urine
17
What is the renal medulla made up of
several renal pyramids
18
What appearance does the renal cortex have
granulated appearance
19
How much do the kidneys receive of the cardiac output
20-25%
20
What appearance does the renal medulla have
Striped or striated
21
What is a nephron
The functional unit of the kidney
22
How many nephrons does each kidney have
about 1 million
23
What are the 3 functional mechanisms of the nephron
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
24
What does the filtration form
the initial tubular fluid at the start of the nephron
25
What does the tubular fluid lack compared to the plasma
The large plasma proteins and red blood cells
26
Describe the vascular supply to the nephron
Initially an afferent arteriole which subdivides into a glomerulus (tuft) which then drains back into an efferent arteriole
Unique to anywhere else in the body
27
Where does the blood go after passing through the peritubular capillaries
Renal vein
28
What is the tubular component of the nephrons made up
single epithelial cell wall
29
What happens between the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule
Glomerular filtration
30
