Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

when does the heart begin to beat?

Answer 1

22-23 days

Question 2

when does blood start to flow?

Answer 2

4th week

Question 3

how many different blood supplies are there in an embryo?

Answer 3

3 - to carry nutrients and gases within the body and to carry things between the embryo, yolk sac and placenta

Question 4

what carries blood from the heart to the body?

Answer 4

arteries

Question 5

what carries blood from the body to the heart?

Answer 5

veins

Question 6

what carried blood between arteries and veins?

Answer 6

capillary networks

Question 7

what carries excess fluid that does not re-enter capillaries?

Answer 7

lymphatic system (important part of immune system)

Question 8

do arteries carry blood away from or towards the heart?

Answer 8

away from

Question 9

are the arteries under low or high pressure?

Answer 9

high pressure

Question 10

what are the walls of arteries like?

Answer 10

thick and elastic

Question 11

what type of blood do arteries carry?

Answer 11

usually oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)

Question 12

do veins carry blood away from or towards the heart?

Answer 12

towards (apart from the portal vein which carries blood from the gut to the liver)

Question 13

what type of blood do veins carry?

Answer 13

usually deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein)

Question 14

what are the walls of veins like?

Answer 14

thin and less elastic than arteries

Question 15

what pressure are veins under?

Answer 15

low pressure

Question 16

veins contains valves to aid venous return against gravity. true or false?

Answer 16

true

Question 17

other than valves, what else helps the return of blood against gravity?

Answer 17

contraction of leg muscles

Question 18

what colour are arteries in a cadava?

Answer 18

pink

Question 19

what colour are veins in a cadava?

Answer 19

blueish

Question 20

when do varicose veins occur?

Answer 20

when valves fail (venus return is poor leading to the pooling of blood in superficial veins)

Question 21

how does vein thrombosis (blood clot) occur?

Answer 21

when blood pools in veins due to inactivity. if small part of the clot (embolus) breaks off, it may pass to the lungs and block a pulmonary artery.

Question 22

what does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 22

it returns tissue fluid to the blood and helps with immune response and it removes foreign material

Question 23

what causes elephantiasis?

Answer 23

blockage of the lymphatic system in the leg by a parasitic worm

Question 24

what is the principle artery?

Answer 24

the aorta

Question 25

what types of artery are there?

Answer 25

renals (gut), iliacs (legs and pelvis), carotids (head) and subclavians (arm)

Question 26

what are the two major veins?

Answer 26

superior/inferior vena cava

Question 27

what does the superior vena cava drain?

Answer 27

the head, arms and chest

Question 28

what does the inferior vena cava drain?

Answer 28

the lower part of the body

Question 29

what types of vein are there?

Answer 29

renal (kidney), iliacs (legs and pelvis), jugulars (head), subclavians (arms), portal vein (gut to liver)

Question 30

which veins drain into the unpaired inferior vena cava?

Answer 30

renals and iliacs

Question 31

which veins drain into the unpaired superior vena cava?

Answer 31

jugulars and subclavians

Question 32

one what side is most of the hearts mass?

Answer 32

the left

Question 33

what prevents back flow of blood into the atrium?

Answer 33

the contraction of papillary muscles which tense the chordae tendinae to prevent inversion of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves

Question 34

on what side is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 34

the right side

Question 35

on what side is the bicuspid valve?

Answer 35

the left side

Question 36

what are the chordae tendinae?

Answer 36

the heart strings/operate valves of the heart

Question 37

what are the coronary arteries?

Answer 37

arteries that branch from the beginning of the aorta to supply the heart muscles

Question 38

what causes coronary thrombosis (heart attack)?

Answer 38

the left and right coronary arteries connect which each other but the connections cannot open quickly. blockage of the coronary arteries leads to death of heart muscle in that region (myocardial infarct)

Question 39

cardiac muscle has its own intrinsic rhythm. true or false?

Answer 39

true

Question 40

what coordinates the contraction of heart muscle?

Answer 40

a pacemaker system which sends a wave of simulation across the heart

Question 41

what can change heart rate?

Answer 41

autonomic nerves to the pacemaker

Question 42

what increases heart rate?

Answer 42

sympathetic nervous system

Question 43

what decreases heart rate?

Answer 43

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 44

what is the pacemaker?

Answer 44

sinoatrial node

Question 45

where is the SAN found?

Answer 45

in the wall of R atrium

Question 46

what does the pacemaker do?

Answer 46

sends wave of excitation across atria. wave spreads to AV node which send signals down septum to bundle of His. causes ventricular contractions.