Anatomy of the heart

Question 1

What is the size of the heart?

Answer 1

~12×8×6 cm, ~250–350g

Question 2

What is the primary function of the heart?

Answer 2

Pumps oxygenated & deoxygenated blood

Question 3

Where is the heart located?

Answer 3

In the mediastinum, slightly left of midline

Question 4

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 4

• Epicardium
• Myocardium
• Endocardium

Question 5

What does the myocardium do?

Answer 5

Thick muscle layer – pumps blood

Question 6

What is the function of the endocardium?

Answer 6

Smooth inner lining – prevents clots

Question 7

What are the components of the pericardium?

Answer 7

• Fibrous pericardium
• Serous pericardium (parietal and visceral)

Question 8

What is the function of the right atrium?

Answer 8

Receives deoxygenated blood from body (via SVC, IVC)

Question 9

What is the role of the left ventricle?

Answer 9

Pumps oxygenated blood to body (via aorta)

Question 10

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Answer 10

Tricuspid (AV) valve

Question 11

What is the function of the SA Node?

Answer 11

Natural pacemaker; initiates heartbeat (60–100 bpm)

Question 12

What does the AV Node do?

Answer 12

Delays impulse (0.1 sec) to allow atrial contraction

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Answer 13

pulmonary artery

Question 14

What is the pathway of pulmonary circulation?

Answer 14

Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium

Question 15

What is the function of the left coronary artery (LCA)?

Answer 15

• Left anterior descending (LAD)
• Circumflex artery
• Left marginal artery

Question 16

What are the two main circulatory pathways?

Answer 16

• Pulmonary Circulation
• Systemic Circulation

Question 17

Which structure transmits impulses to the ventricles?

Answer 17

Bundle of His

Question 18

What does the term ‘Lub’ refer to in heart sounds?

Answer 18

AV valves close

Question 19

What is the purpose of the coronary sinus?

Answer 19

All venous drainage from the heart drains into it

Question 20

What branches does the aortic arch give rise to?

Answer 20

• Brachiocephalic trunk
• Left common carotid
• Left subclavian

Question 21

What does the sympathetic nerve supply do to heart rate?

Answer 21

Increases HR & force

Question 22

What is the significance of the pericardial cavity?

Answer 22

Contains fluid to reduce friction

Question 23

What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?

Answer 23

Stimulate ventricular contraction

Question 24

What is the role of the left atrium?

Answer 24

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs (via pulmonary veins)

Question 25

True or False: The right ventricle pumps blood to the body.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What are the key components of the blood supply to the heart?

Answer 26

* Right Coronary Artery (RCA) * Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

Question 27

What arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 27

* Celiac trunk * Superior & inferior mesenteric * Renal arteries

Question 28

What type of blood does the right ventricle receive?

Answer 28

Deoxygenated blood

Question 29

Which systems regulate heart function?

Answer 29

Nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 30

What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Answer 30

Tricuspid (right) and Mitral/Bicuspid (left)

Question 31

What are the semilunar valves?

Answer 31

Pulmonary (RV → lungs) and Aortic (LV → body).

Question 32

What are the four parts of the aorta?

Answer 32

Ascending aorta, Aortic arch, Descending thoracic, Abdominal aorta.