Anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards by Beth Mickel

what is the bony anatomy of the lower limb

pelvis 
hip joint 
femur knee joint 
ankle joint 
foot

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what is the top of the pelvis called

iliac crest

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why are there bumps on bones

for muscle attachment

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what makes the hip joint stable

big surface area between femoral head and acetabulum

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how many compartments does the knee have and what are they called

3
medial
lateral
patellofemoral

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what is the ankle mortis

composed to the lateral malleolus, distal end of the tibia and medial malleolus

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what is the joint between the

acetabulum pedis

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bum bone

ischium

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what is the sacral foramen

holes in fused sacrum that allow exit of sacral nerves

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what does the labrum do

stabilised the hip joint

increases the encapsulation of the femoral head

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what is the blood supply to the femoral head

MEDIAL (main one) and lateral femoral circumflex artery

small blood supply from obturator artery

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extra capsular fracture

does impact blood supply to the hip

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what primary muscles flex the hip

iliac

psoas

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origin and insertion of the psoas major

origin: transverse processes (L1-L5)
Insertion: lesser trochanter

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origin and insertion of the iliac

origin: iliac crest
insertion: lesser trochanter

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secondary hip flexors

rectus femoris

sartorius

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origin and insertion of rectus femoris

one of the 4 heads of the quadriceps

origin: AIIS
insertion: tibia via patella tendon

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origin and insertion of sartorial

origin ASIS
Insertion: tibia
also externally rotates him

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what muscles adduct the hip

adductor brevis 
adductor Longus 
adductor Magnus 
pectineus 
gracilis

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common origin and insertion points for the adductors of the hip

origin: inferior pubic rami
insertion: lineament aspera, pectineal line, tibia

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clinical issues associated with hip adductors

adductor tendinopathy
osteitis pubis
spasticity in NM conditions

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what muscles abduct the hip

gluteus minimus/medius

tensor fascia lata

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what muscle extends the hip

gluteus Maximus

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origin and insertion of gluteus Maximus

Study These Flashcards

origin: posterior aspect of the ilium/sacrum
insertion: iliotibial tract

what are the hip extensors/knee flexors

biceps femurs semimembranous semitendonous

clinical issues involving hip extensors/knee flexors

avulsion/tears

what does lateral hip pain suggest

trochanteric bursitis

what does groin pain suggest

actual hip joint pain

what are the ligaments of the knee

medial and lateral collaterals anterior crucate posterior crucate

what do the collateral ligaments do

resist virus/valgus stresses at knee joint

what clinical issues involve the collateral ligaments

tears

what does the ACL do

resists anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

what does the PCL do

resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

clinical issues with ACL and. PCL

tears

what are the important functions of the menisci

- shock absorbers - increase femoral tibial conformity (fit together) - stabilise knee during movement - lubricate knee

direction of ACL

direction of hands in pockets

clinical tissues with menisci

tears | radial or bucket handle

extensors of the knee

``` quadriceps rectus femoris vests intermedius vests medialis vastus lateralis ```

where do the quadriceps insert

tibia via the patellar tendon

what factors predispose to patella instability

genu valgum (more common in women) femoral head anteversion weak quads ligament laxity

what are leg muscle compartments

bound by thick, fascial compartments | common nerve supply

what are muscle compartment important

can get compartment syndrome (swelling in compartment) | orthopaedic emergency

muscles of anterior compartment of the leg

``` tibias anterior extensor hallucinate extensor logic extensor digitorum longus peroneus tertius ```

lateral compartment of the leg muscles

fibularis/peroneus longus/brevis

deep posterior compartment of the leg

tibias posterior flexor hallucis longus p[.

what does brevis mean

closer to bone

what does the common perineal nerve (fibular) split into

superficial fibular | deep fibular

what muscles are ankle plantar flexors

gastrocnemius soleus plantaris

common insertion for ankle plantar flexors

calcaneus via achilles tendon

clinical issues of achilles tendon

tendinopathy

what are the ankle dorsiflexors

tibias anterior

what are the ankle ligaments

medially: deltoid ligaments laterally: lateral ligament complex

what is hind foot

talus and calcaneous

mid foot

navicular cuboid cuneiforms

what is the forefoot

metatarsals and phalanges

what tendon supports the medial arch

tibias posterior tendon

clinical issues involving medial arch

tibias posterior dysfunction common in 60s pain on medial aspect flattening of foot

what ligament supports the medial arch

spring ligament

what is the planta fascia

thickened fascia on sole of foot

Anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards

(59 cards)