Lower Limb Overview

Question 1

functions of the lower limb

Answer 1

support body weight
locomotion
maintain balance

Question 2

what are the 6 regions of the lower limb

Answer 2

gluteal 
femoral 
knee 
leg 
ankle 
foot

Question 3

Ball and socket joint movements

Answer 3

flexion-extension
abduction-adduction
medial-lateral rotation
circumduction

Question 4

describe a synovial joint

Answer 4

held within strong capsules
external fibrosis layer (spiral ligaments)
internal membranous layer

Question 5

spiral formation of the ligaments in the hip function

Answer 5

brings two sides closer together making the joint more stable

Question 6

3 ligaments in the hip

Answer 6

illiofemoral
ishciofemoral
pubofemoral

Question 7

What blood vessels supply the hip joint

Answer 7

Medial circumflex artery - supplies the head of the femur

Intracapsular reticular arteries

Question 8

What type of joint is the knee

Answer 8

synovial hinge joint

Question 9

what side of the knee joint is the fibula

Answer 9

always lateral

Question 10

what are the 3 articulations to the knee joint

Answer 10

2x tibiofemoral (medial and lateral)

1x patellofemoral

Question 11

types of ligaments in knee joints

Answer 11

extra capsular

Question 12

extra capsular ligaments of the know

Answer 12

outside the capsule
patella ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Question 13

what are menisci

Answer 13

cresent shaped cartridges surrounding the femur

fibrocartilage

Question 14

what does the ACL do

Answer 14

prevents anterior movement over the femur

Question 15

What does the PCL do

Answer 15

stops the tibia moving backwards

Question 16

Men are more susceptible to the knee collapsing in true/false

Answer 16

false, women due to wider pelvis

Question 17

what does greater sciatic foramen hold

Answer 17

sciatic nerve

Question 18

what gluteal quadrant is the safest for injection

Answer 18

upper lateral

Question 19

what is the largest nerve in the body and where does it supply

Answer 19

the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot

Question 20

Pudenal nerve function

Answer 20

2,3,4 keeps your guts off the floor

principle nerve to perineum

Question 21

what does the gluteus Maximus do

Answer 21

works when squated

Question 22

gluteus medius

Answer 22

adduction of the hip

Question 23

tight piriformis causes

Answer 23

tingles in the feet, shooting pain

Question 24

trendelenberg gait

Answer 24

reduced function of the superior gluteal nerve
hip will drop down on the contralateral side
due to weak hip adduction by the gluteus medius

Question 25

the sciatic nerve has its own artery true/false

Answer 25

true

Question 26

muscle compartments hold muscles that have the same innervations true/false

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

how many compartments are in the thigh and what are they called

Answer 27

3 anterior medial posterios

Question 28

leg 3 compartments

Answer 28

anterior lateral posterior

Question 29

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 29

when there is increased pressure in the compartment due to swelling of tissue or increased fluid (bleeding) affects functions of muscles or nerves in the compartment

Question 30

treatment for compartment syndrome

Answer 30

fasciotomy to release pressure

Question 31

who gets chronic compartment syndrome

Answer 31

athletes returns to normal after exercise due to increased padding out of the muscles

Question 32

what is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 32

flexion of the thigh (hip joint) | extension of the leg (knee joint)

Question 33

what muscle allows you to cross your legs

Answer 33

sartorius

Question 34

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment

Answer 34

femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)

Question 35

Contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 35

``` NAVY femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein lympatics ```

Question 36

posterior compartment of the thigh supply

Answer 36

sciatic nerve

Question 37

posterior compartment of the leg has 2 groups what are they

Answer 37

superficial | deep

Question 38

what 3 muscles are in the superficial posterior group of the leg

Answer 38

gastrocnemius soleus plantaris

Question 39

4 muscles in the deep group

Answer 39

flexors of toes and plantar flexors of ankle

Question 40

what is used for tendon repair in other places

Answer 40

plantarflexors of the ankle

Question 41

lateral compartment of leg muscles

Answer 41

2 muscles fibulas longus fibularis brevis

Question 42

lateral leg compartment supply

Answer 42

superficial fibular nerve

Question 43

anterior compartment of leg

Answer 43

dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes (L5,S1,S2)

Question 44

nerve that supplies anterior compartment of leg

Answer 44

all deep fibular nerve (L4,5)

Question 45

what causes foot drop

Answer 45

deep fibular never palsy loss of muscle action in the anterior compartment of leg caused foot to drop down

Question 46

calceneal tendon lay name

Answer 46

Achilles tendon

Question 47

what tendon is the thickest and strongest in the body

Answer 47

Calcaneal/achillies

Question 48

what does the 'ankle jerk' reflex test

Answer 48

S1, S2 nerve routes Achilles tendon

Question 49

where does the calcanea/achillies tendon attach

Answer 49

calcanea tuberosity of the calceneus

Question 50

what are the flexor muscles of the thigh

Answer 50

Pectineus Iliopsoas satorius rectus femurs

Question 51

what are the extensors of the leg

Answer 51

rectus femoris vests lateralis vests medals vests intermedis

Question 52

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 52

The femoral nerve

Question 53

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle

Answer 53

superior: inguinal ligament medial: adductor longus lateral: sartorius roof- deep fascia floor- psoas and pectineus

Question 54

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 54

Obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

Question 55

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 55

Tibial regions of the sciatic nerve | L5,S1,S2

Question 56

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 56

tibial nerve

Question 57

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 57

Deep fibular nerve

Question 58

what nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 58

superficial fibular nerve