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Brain and Behaviour 1 > Anatomy of the NS > Flashcards

Anatomy of the NS Flashcards

1
Q

NS outside skull and spine?

A

Peripheral

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2
Q

Peripheral NS contains

A

Autonomic and Somatic NS

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3
Q

What does the Autonomic NS do?

A

Breathing, regs internal enviro
Afferent nerves that carry sensory signals from organs to the CNS AND efferent nerves from the CNS to organs

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4
Q

What does the Somatic NS do?

A

Composed of afferent nerves that carries motor signals to the CNS AND efferent nerves from CNS to the skeletal muscles

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5
Q

A in Afferent stands for

A

Advance (to cns)

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6
Q

E in efferent stands for

A

Exit (the CNS)

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7
Q

Sympathetic is

A

stress/fight or flight) AND ANS nerves from the L and T spine

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8
Q

Parasympathetic is

A

Rest and Digest
AND
ANS nerves from the cortex and the Sacral region

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9
Q

what do Sym and Para have in common?

A

Both are two stage neural paths
part way from the CSN, they synapse into 2nd stage neurons.
(symp does this much earlier)

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10
Q

Para aims to

A

maintain homeostasis

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11
Q

Symp aim to

A

stimulate, organized and mobilize energy resources

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12
Q

Each autonomic NS organ

A

is receiving push/pull signals from the the Para and sym

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13
Q

Most nerves of the Peripheral….

A

start in the spinal cord

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14
Q

which P-nerves don’t start in the spinal cord?

A

Cranial nerves

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15
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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16
Q

the Auto motor fibres of the Cranial nerves are

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

meninges are

A

the 3 layers of the brain

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18
Q

The 3 layers that cover the brain are

A

The Dura Mater (tough mother)

The arachnoid (fluid filled web that cushions)

The Pia Mater (pious mother)

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19
Q

What is under the Fine Arachnoid Membrane?

A

The subarachnoid space (large blood vessels and Cerebrospinal Fluid)

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20
Q

Where is CS-fluid found?

A

The subarachnoid
the central canna of the spinal cord
Cerebral Ventricles

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21
Q

The 4 large chambers of the brain are

A

the Cerebral Ventricles

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22
Q

Name the Cerebral Ventricles

A

Two lateral
3rd
4th

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23
Q

Name the areas that comprise the CSF fluid reservoir

A

SubArch
Central Canal
Lateral Ventricles
3rd and 4th Ventricles

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24
Q

What does the Cerebral Aquaduct do?

A

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

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25
Q

Why do so many brain regions sound like they’re from LOTR?

A

Because nerds….

;)

“Aqueduct of Sylvius”

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26
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

The Choroid Plexus (network of capillaries from the pia mater to the ventricles)

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

the Brain Blood Barrier is comprised of

A

cells with tightly packed blood vessel walls

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29
Q

what is the function of the BBB?

A

To block proteins and other large molecules fro entering the brain from the circulatory system

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30
Q

The neural effects of drugs depends on how easily

A

they cross the BBB

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31
Q

Efferent Nerves..

A

carry signals away from a structure, like the CNS

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32
Q

the ANS nerves that project from the T and L spine are part of the

A

sympathetic NS

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33
Q

Neurons

A

receive, conduct and transmit electrochemical signals

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34
Q

Gaps between myelin on axons

A

Nodes of Ranvier (rahn-vee-ay)

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35
Q

fatty substance covering axons

A

myelin

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36
Q

Dendrites

A

receive contact from other neurons

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37
Q

cone-shaped area where axon and cell body meet

A

axon hillock

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38
Q

gaps between neurons

A

synapses

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39
Q

Cytoplasm

A

clear, internal cellular fluid that provides a suspension medium for organelles and free-floating molecules.

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40
Q

folded membranes in the cell body (with ribosomes or not)

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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41
Q

Internal cell structures where proteins are synthesized

A

Ribosomes

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42
Q

connected system of membranes that package molecules in vesicles

A

Golgi complex

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43
Q

part of the cell that holds DNA

A

Nucleus

44
Q

Mitochondria

A

power station of cell, consumes O2

45
Q

Fast transport of Molecules through a neuron is done by

A

microtubules

46
Q

storage location for neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic vesicles

47
Q

molecules released by some active neurons to communicate with others

A

Neurotransmitters

48
Q

How Many High-Fives are you getting lately?

A

https://www.instagram.com/p/C3VqPtNRrv1/?hl=en

49
Q

Gaps between myelin buttons

A

We ride at dawn to the Nodes Of Ranvier!

50
Q

Folded membranes in cells, help synth proteins

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

51
Q

The neuron cell membrane has a

A

Lipid Bilayer

52
Q

Channel proteins

A

channels that open up and allow some molecules to pass in and out

53
Q

Signal proteins

A

send a signal inside of the neuron when particular molecules bind to them

54
Q

How many types of neurons are there? Name those motherfuckers!

A

4
Multi-polar (more than two dendrites)
Unipolar
Bipolar
Interneurons

55
Q

Most neurons are

A

Multi polar

56
Q

A neuron with one or none axons that integrates neural action in a single brain structure is

A

an interneuron

57
Q

Cells in the CNS are called

A

nuclei

58
Q

cells in the PNS are called

A

ganglia

59
Q

bundles of axons in the CNS are called

A

tracts

60
Q

bundles of axons in the PNS are called

A

Nerves

61
Q

what is the ratio of glia to neuron in the brain?

A

2:3
G to the N

62
Q

Glia are pretty diverse
Name two dem bitches?

A

Microglia (small, respond to injury)

Astrocytes (largest, contact with neurons, interact with blood vessels)

Oligodendrocytes (extensions wrap around CNS axons, myelin sheathed)

Schwann Cells (in the PNS, each one is a myelin segment. Only one that guides axonal regen after damage.

63
Q

What are 3 things that Astrocytes do?

A

Exchange chem signals with neurons, control BBB, respond to TBI, cognition, regulate cell death, sends memes to ex-gf’s

64
Q

How many kinds of astrocytes are there?

A

15

65
Q

What is a fundamental difference between Golgi and Nissel stains?

A

Being able to see the # of cells

66
Q

Which neuroanatomical tracing technique would I use to trace the path of Axon projection?

A

Retrograde

67
Q

Which neuroanatomical tracing technique would I use to trace axons leaving cell bodies?

A

Anterograde

68
Q

Anterior is towards

A

the nose

69
Q

Posterior is towards the

A

tail

70
Q

Dorsal is

A

surface of back or top of head

71
Q

ventral is

A

chest of bottom of heaad

72
Q

medial is

A

towards midline of body

73
Q

lateral is

A

away from midline to body sides

74
Q

Anterior-Posterior

A

nose to tail

75
Q

dorsal ventral

A

top of head to bottom of head (back to chest)

76
Q

Medial lateral

A

(midline to sides of body)

77
Q

What are the 3 brain planes?

A

HOR (divides top and bottom )
Frontal (divides front back)
Sagital (divides left and right)

78
Q

cutting the brain is

A

sectioning

79
Q

Cutting DOWN thru the brain and dividing hemisphere is a

A

Mid-sagital section

80
Q

Soma is

A

cell body

81
Q

what do golgi complexes do?

A

package membranes

82
Q

what do synaptic vesicles do?

A

store neurostransmitters

83
Q

the largest glia cells are?

A

Astrocytes!!!!

84
Q

What is the role of oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelination up that CNS!

85
Q

Grey matter is

A

cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons

86
Q

White matter is largely comprised of?

A

Myelinated Axons

87
Q

name the two types of horns in the spinal cord?

A

dorsal and ventral

88
Q

Dorsal horn has ___ fibers

Ventral horn has___ fibers

A

Afferent

Efferent

89
Q

How many spinal nerves in a human?

A

62

90
Q

Efferent ventral neurons of the somatic NS project to

A

skeletal muscles

91
Q

efferent ventral neurons of the autonomic NS eventually connect to the

A

internal organs

92
Q

the neural tube forms at

A

22 days post conception

93
Q

What are the 5 swellings of the brain?

Hint: T on top and then alphabetized.

A

Telencephalon (Ceb-hemis)

Diencephalon

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon (medulla)

94
Q

large furrows in the cerebral cortex are___

Small are____

A

fissures

sucli

95
Q

Ridges in the cerebral cortex are

A

Gyri

96
Q

the Cerebral cortex is almost split in half by the

A

longitudinal fissure

97
Q

the largest CC tract is the

A

corpus callosum

98
Q

Limbic means

A

ring

99
Q

name 5 major structures of the limbic system

A

the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, fornix, septum, mammillary body, and cingulate cortex

100
Q

Parkinson’s is associated with degen of

A

pathway from substantia nigra to the striatum

101
Q

What did Zacharius Janssen invent?

A

the microscope

102
Q

What is the neuron doctrine?

A

NS is made up of individual cells, supported by astrocytes and other glial cells

103
Q

Who proposed the neuron doctrine?

A

Ramón Cajal

104
Q

What are 3 differences in the neuron structure of rats who were raised in the standard/impoverished and enriched conditions?

A

cortex thickness

Corpus Callosum thicker

more dendrite branching and dendritic spine density

more axons

105
Q

J.P. Rushton is an asshole because?

A

He’s a racist who pushed for eugenics and tried to link brain size to intelligence

106
Q
A

Brain and Behaviour 1 (8 decks)

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