Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Brain and Behaviour 1 > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 methods (category) for visualizing and stimulating the living human brain

A

Xray, radioactive, magnetic field and ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Summarize how an Xray works

A

Xray beam passes through an object and onto a photographic plate

Each molecule it passes through absorbs some radiation, the unabsorbed molecules reach the plate

the internal structures of the objects are characterized by absorbing xray differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

infusion of radio-opaque dye into cerebral artery to examine/vis the cerebral circ system

A

cerebral angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cerebral angiography is used for

A

finding vascular damage or tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the CT scan was invented in the ___ and stands for__

A

the 70s

computed tomography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1st brain imaging to show functional brain images
rather than structural

A

Positron emission tomography
PET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MRI has high ____ and low ___

A

spatial resolution

Poor temporal resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who can’t undergo MRI and should used functional ultrasound instead?

A

babies and those with metal in eyes or brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transcranial amg stim allows you to

A

use a magnetic filament in a coil to disrupt or turn off brain regions to assess cog and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 3 ways to record human physiological activity

A

EEG (scalp electrodes) electroencephalogram

MEG - Magnetoencephalography

EKG = electrocardiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EEG records

A

Event related potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MEG records

A

changes in magnetic field on scalp from neural activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

periods of heart contraction?

A

Systoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

min pressure during relaxation

A

Diastoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sphygmomanometer does what?

A

measures BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is stereotaxic surgery?

A

Head in brace, open the skull, use steretaxic atlas (records of brain diagram)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

intracellular recordings capture

A

EPSP and IPSP, moment to moment graded potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

recording in the extracellular fluid captures

A

blip when neuron fires, up to 1000 neurons from multiple electrodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pharmacological Research Methods are for

A

admin of drugs to up or down the effects of drugs and observe consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name 6 routes for drug admin

A

Ingestion
Intragastrically
Intraperitoneally
intramuscular injection
Subcutaneous Injection
IV (large surface vein)

21
Q

how to get a drug into the brain if it wont’ cross the BBB?

A

using a cannula, implant it sterotaxically

22
Q

what two acids are used to induce chemical lesion?

A

Kainic

ibotenic

23
Q

what does cerebral dialysis measure?

A

extracellular concentration of neurochems in brain

24
Q

How do researchers locate NT’s and receptors in brains of animals?

A

Immunocytochemistry

inject antigen (foreign protein), bunny makes antibodies that bind to remove or kill antigen

Label antibodies with dye or radioactive and expose brain slices to the antibodies

25
Q

Do you got this?

A

Fuck yeah you do!!

26
Q

In situ hybridization is used for

A

detecting and localizing viral nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) sequence

uses a labelled complementary nucleic acid

27
Q

Genetic knockout mice are used for

A

researching gene expression, epigenome

28
Q

GFP is

A

a protein from jellyfish that shows as green fluorescence when exposed to UV light

used to research gene expression

29
Q

Brainbow is

A

is a process by which individual neurons in the brain can be distinguished from neighboring neurons using fluorescent proteins.

allows tracing of axonal neurons

30
Q

Opsins are used in

A

optogenetics

light senstive ion channels in cell membrane of some bacteria.

light hits can hyper or depolarize cell membrane

31
Q

opsin genes are injected into

A

neuron

32
Q

Neurotesting can help brain-damaged patients by

A
  1. helping diagnose neural disorder (imaging, eeg)
  2. Serve a basis for counselling
  3. Providing a basis for evaluating effective treatment and side effects
33
Q

the single test approach was discarded in the

A

1950s

34
Q

a series of tests that tend be failed by brain-damaged vs healthy brained

A

Halstead-reitan Neuropsych test battery

35
Q

what is a shortcoming of the Halstead-reitan Neuropsych test battery

A

doesn’t differentiate between neuro and psych patients

36
Q

The customized battery approach is used to

A

characterize the nature of the psych deficits in each patient

37
Q

remembering a sequence of numbers

A

digit span test

38
Q

name 4 common neurotests

A

IQ
Digit span
token test
Language lateralization

39
Q

Language lateralization is

A

95% left hemi for right handed
70% for left

40
Q

injecting sodium amytal into a carotid artery is used for

A

determining language dominant hemisphere

41
Q

rules of sounds of language?

A

phonology

42
Q

grammar of language?

A

syntax

43
Q

meaning of language?

A

semantics

44
Q

name the two assumptions of cog neuro-science

A

each complex process is the sum of
Constituent Cognitive Processes

Each CCP is mediated by neural activity in certain brain regions

45
Q

goal of cog-neuro-sci?

A

ID parts of brain that mediate cog processes

46
Q

Default mode network involves which regions?

A

medial and lateral partieal

medial PFC and lateral temporal

47
Q

The 3 R’s of animal research are

A

Replacement
Reduction
Refinement

48
Q

What did PhD candidate Christina Ou show with her work on rats sex differences?

A

differences in hippocampal theta frequency function

females explored much more in the open arms

Brain and Behaviour 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions