Anatomy of the Pharynx and Larynx (CVR)

Question 1

What is the Pharynx?

Answer 1

a muscular tube which lies in the neck

Question 2

What are the outer and inner layers of muscles called in the Pharynx?

Answer 2

Outer- Circular
Inner -Longitudinal

Question 3

What are the three muscles that make up the external circular muscle layer? What do they contract to and from?

Answer 3

Superior, Middle and Inferior Constrictor muscles
Contract from superior to inferior to allow food down the oesophagus

Question 4

During swallowing what pushes food from the oral cavity to the oropharynx and what occurs to stop food entering the nasopharynx?

Answer 4

Tongue pushes food
Soft palate rises to prevent food entering nasopharynx

Question 5

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 5

Closes off the laryngeal inlet preventing food or liquids entering larynx

Question 6

What are the three sections of the Pharynx?

Answer 6

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 7

Which two tonsils lie in the Nasopharynx? Where does each one lie?

Answer 7

Pharyngeal tonsil- roof of nasopharynx
Tubal tonsil- Surrounds opening of auditory tube

Question 8

Which tonsil is found in the Oropharynx? What does it lie next to?

Answer 8

Palatine tonsil
Lies next to pharyngeal wall

Question 9

Where are the Lingual tonsils found?

Answer 9

Posterior aspect of the tongue

Question 10

What sensory and Motor fibres innervate the Pharynx respectively?

Answer 10

Sensory from Glossopharyngeal
Motor from the Vagus nerve

Question 11

What 5 nerves lie close to the posterior pharyngeal wall?

Answer 11

Cervical part of Sympathetic trunk
Superior cervical ganglion
Superior Laryngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 12

What does the Superior laryngeal nerve descend over? Which two muscles does it pass through in the pharynx?

Answer 12

Descends over the posterior aspect of the internal carotid artery.
Passes between the inferior and middle constrictors of the pharynx

Question 13

Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve lie?

Answer 13

Deep to the internal carotid artery

Question 14

What are the Three unaired cartilages of the Larynx?

Answer 14

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

Question 15

What are the three unpaired cartilages of the Larynx?

Answer 15

Arytenoids
Cuneiforms
Corniculates

Question 16

What is the thyroid cartilage composed of? Where do they meet? What forms where they meet?

Answer 16

Two flat cartilages called laminae
Meet at Anterior midline to form Laryngeal Prominence

Question 17

Posteriorly what does the Laminae of the Thyroid cartilage form?

Answer 17

Superior and Inferior horns

Question 18

What does the Superior horn of the Thyroid attach to?

Answer 18

Hyoid bone

Question 19

What do the inferior horns of the thyroid articulate with?

Answer 19

Cricoid cartilage

Question 20

Where what connect the Inferior border of the Thyroid with the Cricoid?

Answer 20

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 21

What is the Epiglottis attached to?

Answer 21

The superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone(Where the two thyroid laminae meet)

Question 22

Where do the Arytenoids sit? What other structure are they articulated with?

Answer 22

Superior surface of the cricoid cartilage
Articulated with Vocal cords

Question 23

What is the Internal aspect of the Larynx modified for?

Answer 23

Phonation

Question 24

What moves the laryngeal cartilages? What does the movement of Laryngeal cartilage cause the movement of?

Answer 24

Intrinsic muscles move the laryngeal cartilages
Laryngeal cartilages move the Vocal cords

Question 25

What are the two pairs of folds in the Larynx that project into the cavity?

Answer 25

Vestibular and Vocal folds

Question 26

What are the Vocal folds and Vestibular folds known as respectively?

Answer 26

Vocal folds- true vocal cords Vestibular folds- false vocal cords

Question 27

What are the Vocal folds? What do they cover and protect? What is this combination known as?

Answer 27

Folds of Mucous membrane Cover and protect vocal ligaments Form true vocal cords

Question 28

What are the Vocal ligaments attached to anteriorly and posteriorly respectively?

Answer 28

Anteriorly- Internal aspect of the laryngeal prominence Posteriorly- Arytenoid cartilages

Question 29

What is the space called inbetween the true vocal cords?

Answer 29

Rima Glottidis

Question 30

What causes the Rima glottidis to close and what causes the Rima glottidis to open?

Answer 30

Close- Adduction of Vocal cords Open- Abduction of Vocal cords

Question 31

What does Phonation require the Vocal cords to do?

Answer 31

Adduct causing the closure of the Rima Glottidis

Question 32

What occurs when the Vocal cords abduct and the Rima Glottidis is 1. Open to a small degree 2. Partially open 3. Fully open

Answer 32

1. Whispering 2.Normal breathing 3. Forced breathing

Question 33

What are the two Extrinsic muscles that act on the Larynx? What do they cause to move?

Answer 33

Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid muscles Move the Larynx as one

Question 34

What muscles move the individual Laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 34

Intrinsic muscles

Question 35

Contraction of which muscles places tension on the vocal cords?

Answer 35

Left and right cricothyroid muscles

Question 36

What muscles are found on the posterior surface of the Cricoid? What is each one attached to?

Answer 36

Left and right posterior cricoarytenoids Each attached to the arytenoid

Question 37

What happens when the posterior cricoarytenoids contract?

Answer 37

Abducts the vocal cords and opens the Rima Glottidis

Question 38

Which muscle connects the two arytenoid cartilages? What happens when they contract?

Answer 38

Transverse arytenoid Adduct the vocal cords closing the Rima glottidis

Question 39

What nerve is sensory to the larynx above the vocal cords? What muscle does it innervate?

Answer 39

Superior Laryngeal neve Cricothyroid muscle

Question 40

What nerve is sensory to the Larynx below the Vocal cords? What muscles does this nerve innervate?

Answer 40

Recurrent laryngeal nerve Innervates all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid