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Anatomy > Bones and Joints of the Distal Lower Limb and Muscles of the Leg, Neurovasculature of the leg and foot (MSK) > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Distal Lower Limb and Muscles of the Leg, Neurovasculature of the leg and foot (MSK) Flashcards

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1
Q

What connects the bones of the leg?

A

Interosseous membrane

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2
Q

What does the Distal tibia articulate with?

A

Talus and Fibula

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3
Q

What part of the tibia articulates with the condyles of the femur?

A

Medial and lateral tibial condyles

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4
Q

What are the prominent ridges located between the tibial plateuas?

A

Intercondylar tubercles

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5
Q

Name a-d

A

a- Neck of fibula
b- Head of fibula
c- Lateral tibial condyle
d- Lateral femoral condyle

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6
Q

Name e-h

A

e- Patella
f- Medial femoral condyle
g- Intercondylar tubercles
h- Tibial tuberosity

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7
Q

Name i-k

A

i- Soleal line
j- Neck of the fibula
k- Head of the fibula

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8
Q

Name l-n

A

l- Lateral tibial condyle
m- Lateral tibial plateau
n- Lateral femoral condyle

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9
Q

name a-c

A

a- Shaft of the fibula
b- Lateral malleolus
c- Talus

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10
Q

Name d-g

A

d-Medial malleolus
e- Shaft of tibia
f- Shaft of fibula
g- Lateral malleolus

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11
Q

Where does the Patellar ligament insert? Where is it located?

A

Tibial tuberosity
Anterior surface of the tibia

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12
Q

What part of the Tibia forms a socket for the Talus?

A

Medial malleolus

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13
Q

Does the Fibula contribute to the knee joint?

A

No!

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14
Q

What part of Fibula forms as a socket for the talus?

A

Lateral malleolus

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15
Q

What do the Small joints of the foot allow it to do?

A

Allow it to deform and absorb shock when walking over uneven ground

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16
Q

What are the two arches of the foot called when we stand? What is this arranged by? for?

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
Bones of the foot
Shock absorption

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17
Q

Name a-c

A

a- Distal Phalanx
b- Proximal Phalanx
c- 1st Metatarsal

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18
Q

Name d-f

A

d- Medial cuneiform
e- Intermediate cuneiform
f- Navicular

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19
Q

g-i

A

g- Calcaneus
h- Cuboid
i- Lateral cuneiform

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20
Q

Name j-m

A

j- 5th metatarsal
k- proximal phalanx
l- Middle phalanx
m- Distal phalanx

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21
Q

What do Navicular and Cuneiform mean respectively?

A

Navicular- Boat shaped
Cuneiform- Wedge shaped

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22
Q

What comprises the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals and Phalanges

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23
Q

How are the Metatarsals labeled from where to where?

A

1-5
(Medial- great toe) and (Lateral- little toe)

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24
Q

What are the joints between the Metatarsals and Phalanges and Joints between Phalanges respectively?

A

Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal joints

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25
What is the joint called on metatarsal one?
Interphalangeal joint of the great toe
26
4 movements of toes
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction
27
Name a-f
a- Fibula b- Lateral malleolus c- Calcaneus d- cuboid e- Lateral cuneiform f- Phalanges
28
Name g-l
g- Metatarsals h- Intermediate cuneiform i- Medial cuneiform j- Navicular k- Talus l- TIbia
29
Name a-c
a- Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament b- Posterior talofibular ligament c- Calcaneofibular ligament
30
Name d and e
d- Anterior talofibular ligament e- Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
31
What type of joint is the Ankle joint?
Synovial hinge joint
32
What is the ankle joint between?
Distal tibia, Distal fibula and Talus
33
What is the socket called formed by the tibia and fibula called?
Ankle mortise
34
How is the Ankle mortise used? What is the joint supported by?
Grips the Talus Medial and Lateral ligaments
35
Two movements at the ankle joint?- briefly explain each?
Dorsiflexion- toes closer to shin Plantarflexion- Pointing toes
36
Is there any extension at the ankle joint?
No just two types of flexion
37
What do these ligaments support? Where do they attach?
Lateral aspect Lateral malleolus
38
What ligaments support the Medial aspect of the ankle joint? How many? What do they attach to?
Deltoid ligament- 4 Medial malleolus
39
What are these? name a and b?
Deltoid ligaments a- Posterior tibiotalar ligament b- Tibiocalcaneal ligament
40
Name c and d
c- Anterior Tibiotalar ligament d- Tibionavicular ligament
41
What is the Subtalar joint formed between?
Talus with the calcaneum and navicular
42
What movements occurs at the Subtalar joint?
Inversion and Eversion
43
What do Inversion and Eversion mean respectively?
Inversion- brings sole of foot medially Eversion- raised lateral border and brings sole of foot laterally
44
Name a-b and what each forms
a Semimembranosus and semitendinosus - superior medial border of popliteal triangle b- Gastrocnemius- Inferior medial border of popliteal triangle
45
Name c and e and what they form?
c- Gastrocnemius- Inferior lateral border e- Biceps femoris- Superior lateral border
46
What does this show?
Popliteal fossa
47
Name b Continuation of? Bifurcates into? Traverses the?
Popliteal artery Femoral artery anterior and posterior tibial arteries Traverses the adductor hiatus
48
Name c Formed by? Traverses? Continues as?
Popliteal vein Deep veins of legs Traverses the adductor hiatus Continues as Femoral vein
49
Name d and e
d-Small saphenous vein e- Plantaris
50
What is g? What does it innervate? Where does it travel?
g-tibial nerve Posterior leg Travels through the midline of the popliteal fossa
51
What is f? Where does it travel?
Common fibular nerve Superior lateral border of Popliteal fossa (alongside biceps femoris)
52
Where does the common fibular nerve wrap around? Then what does it split into?
Wraps around fibula Splits into superficial and deep branch
53
What does the superficial and deep fibular nerves innervate repectively?
Superficial- Muscles of lateral leg Deep fibular- Muscles of anterior leg
54
What is the Common fibular nerve also reffered to as?
Peroneal
55
What separates the leg into how many compartments?
Intermuscular septa splits into into the anterior lateral and posterior compartments
56
name a-c
a- fibula b- Extensor digitorum longus c- Lateral malleolus
57
Name d-f
d- tendon of tibialis anterior e- Medial malleolus f- Extensor hallucis longus
58
Name g and h
g- Tibialis anterior h- Tibia
59
Primary function of the Anterior leg muscles? What are they innervated by?
Dorsiflexors of the foot and extensors of the toes Deep fibular nerve
60
What muscle is this? Where does it insert?
Tibialis anterior Medial cuneiform
61
2 functions of the tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexes and Inverts the foot
62
Which muscle extends the great toe? Where does it insert?
Extensor Hallucis Longus Distal phalanx of great toe
63
Other function of the Extensor Hallucis longus?
Dorsiflexion
64
Which muscle Inserts on the distal phalanges of toes 2-5?
Extensor Digitorum longus
65
What covers the extensor tendons of the ankle joint>
Extensor retinacula
66
What is the fourth muscle of the Anterior leg? Function? Is it present in everyone?
Fibularis tertius Weak dorsiflexion and eversion No
67
Name b Where does it insertb.
Fibularis Longus 5th metatarsal
68
Name a Where does it insert?
Fibularis Brevis Plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone
69
Where do the Muscles of the lateral leg attach?
Fibula
70
Function of the Lateral muscles of the leg? What nerve innervates them?
Evert the foot at subtalar joint Superficial fibular nerve
71
Name a, d and f What are these
a- Gastrocnemius d- Soleus f- Plantaris Superficial muscles of the posterior Leg
72
Name b,c,e
b- Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon- c- Calcaneus e- Plantaris tendon
73
Where do the Three superficial muscles of the Posterior leg attach? Via what?
Calcaneus Calcaneal/ achilles tendon
74
What is the most superficial muscle of the posterior leg? What does it attach to?
Gastrocnemius via two heads distal to femur
75
Function of the soleus muscle? Where is it attached to?
Compresses deep veins of leg Soleal line of the tibia
76
What muscle is located close to the popliteal fossa? What does its tendon merge with? Is it essential?
Plantaris Calcaneal tendon Not essential
77
Name a,b,c,d
a- Tibialis posterior b- Flexor hallucis longus c- Flexor digitorum longus d- Popliteus
78
Where do the latter three muscles of the deep posterior leg attach? Where do they travel?
Plantar surface Posterior to medial malleolus
79
Function of the Popliteus muscle?
Unlocking the knee by rotating the femur after it has locked into the tibia
80
Main function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg? What nerve innervates them?
Plantar flexors Tibial
81
Where do the Tibialis posterior and Flexor hallucis longus attach?
Multiple bones on foot Distal phalanx of great toe
82
Secondary function of tibialis posterior
Inversion of the foot
83
Function of Flexor digitorum longus? Where does it attach?
Flexion of the toes and plantarflexion Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
84
Muscle present in the dorsum of the foot? Innervation?
Extensor digitorum brevis Common fibular nerve
85
What does the Sole of the foot contain? What does it mirror? and in how many layers?
Intrinsic muscles muscles of hand 4 layers (don't need to know names)
86
What nerves innervates the muscles of the foot? What are they terminal branches of?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves Tibial nerve
87
What does the anterior tibial artery become distally? Where?
Dorsalis pedis Anterior aspect of ankle
88
Where can the dorsalis pedis be palpated?
Lateral to tendon of extensor hallucis longus
89

Anatomy (20 decks)

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