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MSK > Anatomy of Upper LImb > Flashcards

Anatomy of Upper LImb Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

describe the finger joints

A

hinge like

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2
Q

describe MCP joints

A

condyloid like - can go round in a circle

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3
Q

what is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A

saddle joint
base of thumb
gives 90 degree rotation

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4
Q

what is the plane for flexion and extension of thumb?

A 
flexion = moving it tight towards the fingers
extension = thumbs up
abduction = thumbs pointing upwards when palms flat
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5
Q

what are the 3 axio-appendicular muscles which attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

A

trapezius
serratus anterior
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor

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6
Q

what is the function of the trapezius?

A

tilts and turns the head and neck
shrugs and steadies the shoulders
twists the arms

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7
Q

what is the function of the serratus anterior and what can it cause if defective?

A

protracts the scapula
pulls the medial border of the scapula forwards
can cause winged scapula if defective

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8
Q

what is the function of rhomboid muscles?

A

retract the scapula

elevate medial border of scapula

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9
Q

what innervates each axio-appendicular muscle?

A

trapezius = CN XI
serratus anterior = long thoracic nerve
Rhomboid major and minor = dorsal scapula nerve

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10
Q

what is the levator scapulae? where is it and what innervates it?

A

type of axio-appendicular muscle
attaches from upper medial scapula to upper cervical vertebrae
innervated by dorsal scapula nerve

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11
Q

what does the rotator cuff do?

A

stabilises the humoral head

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12
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A 
SITS
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres minor
Subscapularis
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13
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscels attach?

A

supraspinatous, infraspinatous and teres minor attach to greater suberosity
S attaches to lesser tuberosity

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14
Q

what is responsible for the first 15 degree of abduction?

A

supraspinatous

then deltoid

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15
Q

what is responsible for the first 15 degree of abduction?

A

supraspinatous

then deltoid

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16
Q

which muscle is usually affected in rotator cuff tear?

A

supraspinatous

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17
Q

lateral rotators?

A

infraspinatous and teres minor

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18
Q

medial rotator?

A

subscapularis

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19
Q

describe glenoid fossa

A

only holds 1/3 of humeral head

gives more mobility and less stability

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20
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior arm?

A

biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
BBC

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21
Q

what innervates the muscles of the anterior arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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22
Q

what are the functions of biceps brachii?

A

flexes arm and forearm and supinates

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23
Q

what is the function of the brachialis?

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A

flexes the forearm

24
Q

what is the function of the coracobrachialis?

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A

flexion and adduction of the arm

25
what is the muscle of the posterior arm?
triceps brachii
26
what is the function of the triceps brachii?
extension of the arm and the forearm
27
what nerve innervates the triceps brachii?
radial nerve
28
what are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm from lateral to medial?
``` pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris ```
29
intermediate muscle of anterior forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
30
where does digitorum superficialis attach?
attaches to proximal phalanges
31
what are the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?
flexor pollicus longus flexor digitorum profundus pronator quadratus
32
what are the actions of the anterior forearm muscles?
flex the wrist and digits | pronation, abduction and adduction of the wrist
33
what nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior forearm?
all the median nerve except the flexor carpi radialis and the medial half of the flexor digitorum superficialis
34
what 2 nerves are supplied by the spinal accessory nerve?
trapezius | sternocleidomastoid
35
which bone moves in pronation/supination?
radius moves over ulnar
36
what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?
- brachioradialis - aconeus - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor digotorum - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor carpi ulnaris - extensor digiti minimi
37
what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
- supinator - abductor pollicus longus - extenson pollicus longus - extensor pollicus brevis - extensor indicis
38
what are the regions of the hand?
thenar (thumb base) hypothenar (pinky finger base) middle bit of palm
39
what are the 3 muscles in the thenar region of the hand?
abductor pollicus brevis flexor pollicus brevis opponens pollicis
40
what nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar region of the hand?
recurrent branch of the median nerve
41
which region of the hand is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?
thenar
42
what are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar region of the hand?
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis opponens digiti minimi
43
what nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar region of the hand?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
44
where do the lumbrical muscles attach?
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
45
how are the lumbricals innervated?
lateral 2 = median nerve | medial 2 = ulnar nerve
46
what are the 2 groups of interossei muscles in the hand and what do they do?
dorsal interossei - abduction of the digits (DAB) | palmar interossei - adduction of the digits (PAD)
47
what nerve innervates the interossei muscles?
ulnar
48
from what nerves does the brachial plexus originate?
C5-T1
49
what is the overall path of the brachial plexus?
passes through the axilla to the medial arm | cords travel around the brachial artery
50
name the 5 regions of the brachial plexus from proximal to distal (Really Tired Drink Coffee Now)
``` roots trunk divisions cords nerves ```
51
what are the 5 nerves which emerge from the brachial plexus?
``` musculo-cutaneous axillary radial median ulnar ```
52
what are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?
lateral posterior medial
53
what forms the carpal tunnel?
flexor retinaculum | carpals
54
what are the contents of the carpal tunnel (10)?
flexor digitorum superficialis X4 flexor digitorum profundus X4 Flexor pollicus longus X1 median nerve
55
what is carpal tunnel syndrome and what does it cause?
compression of the median nerve | causes weakness in thenar muscles and numbness in digits 1-3 and lateral half of 4th digit

MSK (66 decks)

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