Week 3 Anatomy Prep

Question 1

what is the name of the joint between the talus and calcaneus?

Answer 1

subtalar joint

Question 2

what are the 2 midtarsal joints?

Answer 2

calcaneocuboid

talocalcaneonavicular

Question 3

what type of joint are the midtarsal joints?

Answer 3

synovial

Question 4

what is the function of the midtarsal joints?

Answer 4

inversion - produced by tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior working together
eversion - produced by fibularis muscles

Question 5

what joint lies between cuneiforms/cuboid proximally and metatarsals?

Answer 5

tarsometatarsal

Question 6

what is the function of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?

Answer 6

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction of the digits (toes)

Question 7

what types of joint are the MTPs?

Answer 7

synovial

Question 8

what type of joint are the interphalangeals and what do they do?

Answer 8

synovial hinge joints

flexion and extension of the toes

Question 9

what is the function of the arches of the feet?

Answer 9

provide shock absorption
push off spring action
increased weight bearing capacity by weight redistribution across whole foot

Question 10

what supports the arches of the feet?

Answer 10

plantar aponeurosis

plantar ligaments

Question 11

what is the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 11

thickened central area of the plantar fascia (deep fascia of the foot)

Question 12

what is the medial longitudinal arch composed of?

Answer 12

bones of the medial aspect of the foot

• calcaneus
• talus
• navicular
• 3 cuneiforms
• metatarsals 1-3

Question 13

what supports the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 13

flexor hallicus longus
attachments of tibialis anterior
attachment of fibularis longus

Question 14

where is the attachment of the tibialis anterior which supports the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 14

to the junction between the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal

Question 15

where does the tendon of the fibularis longus pass?

Answer 15

across the plantar aspect of the bones of the foot from lateral to medial to also attach to the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Question 16

what forms the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 16

calcaneus
cuboid
metatarsals 4 and 5

Question 17

what is the function of the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 17

lower and less important than the medial longitudinal arch

usually weight bearing on standing

Question 18

what forms the transverse arch?

Answer 18

cuboid
cuneiforms
bases of all 5 metatarsals

Question 19

what supports the transverse arch?

Answer 19

tibialis posterior

fibularis longus

Question 20

how do intrinsic muscles of the foot differ to leg muscles?

Answer 20

leg muscles attach proximally in the leg and insert into the foot
intrinsic muscles of foot attach proximally and distally in the foot

Question 21

how are the intrinsic muscles of the foot arranged?

Answer 21

located in compartments within the sole, where they are arranged in 3 layers, or between the metatarsals (7 interossei)

Question 22

what do the sole muscles do?

Answer 22

flexion

Question 23

what do the interossei muscles do?

Answer 23

abduction/adduction of the toes

Question 24

what are the 2 dorsal muscles of the foot?

Answer 24

short extensors of the toes

Question 25

what are the 2 main arteries of the foot?

Answer 25

dorsalis pedis

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 26

what is the dorsalis pedis and what does it branch to give?

Answer 26

branch of anterior tibial artery

branches to give arcuate artery on dorsum of foot

Question 27

where is the dorsalis pedis pulse taken?

Answer 27

lateral to extensor hallicus longus tendon

Question 28

what are the medial and lateral plantar arteries?

Answer 28

branches of the posterior tibial artery which contribute to the deep plantar arch

Question 29

where do metatarsal arteries arise and what do they form?

Answer 29

arise from the deep plantar arch and arcuate artery

branch into digital arteries (4 per toe)

Question 30

what are the superficial veins of the foot and how do they arise?

Answer 30

dorsal venous arch gives rise to great (medially) and small (laterally) saphenous veins

Question 31

what are the deep veins of the foot and where do they drain?

Answer 31

small groups of unnamed vessels accompany the arteries and drain into anterior and posterior tibial and fibular veins which join to form the popliteal vein

Question 32

what is the motor supply to the muscles of the sole?

Answer 32

tibial nerve

Question 33

what is the motor supply to the muscles of the dorsum?

Answer 33

deep fibular nerve

Question 34

what is the main sensory nerve supply to the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 34

superficial fibular nerve

Question 35

what is the sensory supply to the first interdigital cleft of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 35

deep fibular nerve

Question 36

what is the sensory supply to the proximal lateral border of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 36

sural nerve

Question 37

what is the sensory supply to the proximal medial border of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 37

saphenous nerve

Question 38

what is the sensory supply to the heel and majority of sole of the plantar surface of the foot?

Answer 38

mainly tibial nerve

- medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 39

what is the sensory supply to the proximal lateral border of the plantar surface of the foot?

Answer 39

sural nerve

Question 40

what is the sensory supply to the proximal medial border of the plantar surface of the foot?

Answer 40

saphenous nerve

Question 41

where are the lymphatic vessels which drain lymph from the foot?

Answer 41

accompany the great and small saphenous veins