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Semester 2 Exams > Anatomy Part 1 Exam > Flashcards

Anatomy Part 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of muscular tissue:

A

Skeletal muscle tissue
Visceral muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue

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2
Q

Description of a skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • striated or striated voluntary
  • muscles attached to bones
  • Many nuclei per cell
  • Combines with connective tissue to cause movement
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3
Q

Description of Visceral Muscle Tissue

A
  • Non striated involuntary or smooth
  • Found in walls of viscera
  • No cross striations, smooth appearance
  • One nucleus per fibre (per cell)
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4
Q

Description of Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A
  • Striated involuntary
  • Makes up wall of heart
  • Cross striations and unique dark bands
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5
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A cord of fibrous connective tissue attaches muscle to bone

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6
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Any band of connective tissue connecting bones (bone to bone)

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7
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

A broad flat sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone or other muscle

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8
Q

Strain vs sprain

A

Strain: damage to the muscle or its tendon
Sprain: injury to a ligament

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9
Q

What draws the lower lip downward?

A

Depressor labii inferioris

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10
Q

What raises upper lip and dilates nostrils?

A

Levator labii superioris

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11
Q

What is responsible for lifting the mouth and cheeks as we laugh?

A

Zygomaticus

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12
Q

Whats responsible for closing jaw or mouth, clenching teeth & chewing?

A

Masseter

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13
Q

What permits smiling & blowing as in playing a trumpet or whistling & helps with chewing?

A

Baccinator

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14
Q

What is responsible for closing jaw, clenching teeth & retracting lower jaw?

A

Temporalis

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15
Q

What raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead horizontally?

A

Occipitofrontalis

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16
Q

What closes the eye and contributes to fine lines?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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17
Q

What wrinkles the forehead vertically?

A

Corrugator

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18
Q

What wrinkles skin over bridge of nose?

A

Procerus

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19
Q

What closes and puckers lips?

A

Orbicularis Oris

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20
Q

A large triangular muscle covering the back of the neck & upper back:

A

Trapezius

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21
Q

Large, thick, triangular, shapes muscle covers shoulder and top of arm:

A

Deltoid

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22
Q

Why is water needed for exercise?

A
  1. Needed before exercise to avoid dehydration
  2. Needed during exercise due to loss via sweating
  3. Needed during exercise to help body cool down
  4. Helps flush out waste products
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23
Q

T/F there are no muscles in fingers

A

True

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24
Q

How does origin and insertion relate to massage?

A

The direction of pressure is from insertion to origin.

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25
What would impede the body’s ability to digest food?
Diseases or medications
26
What are the micro and macro nutrients?
Micronutrients: minerals & vitamins Macronutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats
27
What protein is needed in the body? Give examples
Collagen, it's the most abundant protein in the body Fish Chicken Eggs
28
What is a complete protein source?
Meat, fish, poultry
29
What is meant by a complimentary protein?
Combination of two incomplete proteins (ex; beans & brown rice, peanut butter & whole grain bread)
30
What is the body’s main fuel source?
Carbohydrates
31
Explain blood glucose regulation:
* Increase blood glucose* → stimulates pancreas → secretes insulin → target cells take glucose → decreased blood glucose lvls * Low blood glucose* → stimulates pancreas → secretes glucagon → released into blood → raising blood glucose lvls
32
Which fatty acids are essential?
Omega 3 and omega 6
33
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
34
Water soluble vitamins:
B and C
35
______ are Biological catalysts that are made of proteins & vitamins. They help speed up reactions but don't end up in the final product.
Enzymes
36
Why is water so important to our health?
- To sustain cell health - Eliminate toxins & waste - Regulate body temp. - Helps with proper digestion - Keeps skin & body healthy
37
What is a probiotic?
A live beneficial microorganism/bacterium that are in the human intestine. Ex; kombucha, pickles, unsweetened yogurt
38
_______ is when too many good/bad bacteria’s are in the gut.
Gut dysbiosis
39
Contributing factors to gut dysbiosis:
``` Contributing factors: Poor diet habits (sugar, carbohydrates, too much animal protein) Stress Too much alcohol Poor dental hygiene Antacids Antibiotics and other medications Lack of exercise Cigarette smoking Aging ```
40
Nutritional requirements depend on:
- Age - Sex - Weight - Physical activity - Body type
41
What is protein needed for?
For building, repairing, and maintaining tissues
42
What are the 3 sources of carbohydrates?
1. Simple starchy carbohydrates 2. Complex starchy carbohydrates 3. Complex fibrous carbohydrates
43
What are the 3 fatty acids?
1. Saturated fats 2. Monounsaturated fats 3. Polyunsaturated fats
44
What type of fat is very bad?
Trans fat
45
Vitamin D is also known as the ______ _____:
Sunshine vitamin
46
What vitamin helps with the aging process?
Vitamin c
47
Why does an esthetician study the lymphatic system?
It’s important in waste removal and the immune system
48
What does our spleen do?
Filters blood and produces lymphocytes
49
What is the function of lymph nodes and where are they?
- To filter & produce lymphocytes. - They’re located along the main lymphatic routes; most abundant: axilla (underarm), groin, thorax (upper body-lungs), abdomen
50
What happens when bacteria are present?
When bacteria are present it causes lymph nodes to swell & become very painful; sore neck & throat
51
What is the most important function of the heart?
Pumps blood through the circulatory system
52
What are the functions of blood? Describe them
- Carries water, oxygen, nutrients, & secretions to all the cells of the body - Carries away CD and waste products (detoxification) to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys, & large intestine - Helps equalize body temperature, protecting the body from extreme heat and cold. - Aids in protecting the body from harmful bacteria & infections with WBC - Form clots, preventing blood loss through injured blood vessels
53
Valves allow blood to flow in both directions. T or F
False - valves only allow blood to flow in one direction
54
What is the membrane in which the heart is closed in?
Pericardium
55
What is an arteriole?
Smallest vessel of arterial system, preceding capillary
56
Veins have ________ to prevent backflow.
Cup like valves
57
Sympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate. T/F
False
58
What is the exception to what a regular vein carries?
Pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
59
What is the only artery in the blood that carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
60
Name the path of pulmonary circulation.
Blood circulation that goes from the heart to lungs to be purified and then returns to the heart. Via pulmonary blood vessels
61
In blood, how much is blood cells and how much is plasma?
⅓ cells | ⅔ plasma
62
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting
63
Functions of the circulatory system:
Circulation Transportation Defence Regulation
64
What’s inside the heart?
4 hollow chambers | 4 valves
65
Pulmonary circulation vs systemic/general circulation
Pulmonary circulation: blood circulation from heart to lungs | Systemic/ general circulation: blood circulation from heart, throughout body, back to heart
66
The normal temperature of blood is what?
98.6 degrees F
67
What is the colour of blood in arteries vs veins?
Arteries: bright red Veins: dark red
68
Another word for red blood cells:
Erythrocytes
69
Another word for white blood cells:
Leukocytes
70
What is blood plasma?
Liquid part of blood or whole blood minus it’s cells
71
Plasma components:
1. 9/10 water 2. Nutrients 3. Metabolic wastes 4. Respiratory gases 5. Regulatory substances 6. Protective substances

Semester 2 Exams (8 decks)

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