Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2&3

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life.
Responsible for multiple chemical reactions, makes up all living organisms & tissues in the body.

Question 2

Membrane

Answer 2

Thin layer enclosing cell, filters what enters and exits cell.

Question 3

Organelles

Answer 3

Small specialized structures designed to perform certain tasks.

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

(Gelatinous liquid inside cells)
- gel-like substances suspending organelles.
- includes rods and tubules that form a framework called the “CYTOSKELETON”

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Houses genetic material & controls cellular activity.

Question 6

Cell Membrane

Answer 6

• regulates movement of substances in and out of cells.
• selectively permeable
• irregular shaped to allow for more surface area
• made of liquids and proteins.

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

Houses genome (cells control center)

Question 8

Chromosome

Answer 8

Carries genetic information

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Refines and packages protein

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Releases energy from nutrients

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Organelles containing enzymes

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

Synthesizes protein

Question 13

Support Function

Answer 13

Cells generally provide structural basis for organisms

Question 14

Mitosis Function

Answer 14

All tissues grow via a process of cell multiplication

Question 15

Transport Function

Answer 15

Cells getting rid of waste caused by processing nutrients and transport multiple chemicals in & out of the cell

Question 16

Energy Function

Answer 16

All cells need energy to survive, in humans, this is respiration.

Question 17

Metabolism Function

Answer 17

Chemical reactions processing energy which keep cells and organisms alive

Question 18

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Answer 18

Source of energy for use and storage at a cellular level (certain things must enter and exit the cell)

Question 19

ACTIVE MECHANICS

Answer 19

Transports: move particles from low to high concentration

Endocytosis & Exocytosis: processes that move molecules in and out of cell w/o passing though membrane

Question 20

PASSIVE MECHANICS
(no energy required)

Answer 20

Diffusion: molecules move from low to high concentration

Osmosis: Movement of water across semipermeable membrane

Filtration: Molecules move through membranes by random movement

Question 21

CELL CYCLE

Answer 21

(A call forms & grows for a period of time before maturing enough to divide)
- increase in size
- copying DNA
- splits DNA in nucleus in 1/2 after preparation stage (interphase)
- cell divides & cycle repeats

Question 22

Chemistry

Answer 22

Study of composition of matter

Question 23

Matter

Answer 23

Everything that has weight and takes up space

Question 24

Element

Answer 24

What all matter is made of

Question 25

INORGANIC SUBSTANCES

Answer 25

Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Salts

Question 26

Water

Answer 26

solvent that moves chemicals (blood) in body

Question 27

Oxygen

Answer 27

Enters through respiration carried by red blood cells cellular organelles use it to release energy and drive metabolic process

Question 28

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 28

Produces as waste product when metabolic process releases energy (respiration

Question 29

Salts

Answer 29

Charged ions needed by tissues, metabolic process uses; transportation of substances, muscle contraction, impulse conduction of nerve cells

Question 30

ORGANIC SUBSTANCES

Answer 30

Carbohydrates Sugars Lipids Phospholipid Proteins Glycoproteins Amino Acids

Question 31

Carbohydrates

Answer 31

provides energy for cells

Question 32

Sugars

Answer 32

Smallest carbohydrate molecules

Question 33

Lipids

Answer 33

Insoluable in water but soluble in some organic substances

Question 34

Phospholipid

Answer 34

Phosphate group & fatty acid portion of cell structure

Question 35

Proteins

Answer 35

Structure/energy sources as receptors of cells

Question 36

Glycoproteins

Answer 36

Formed protein and carbohydrates functioning as cell receptors

Question 37

Amino Acids

Answer 37

Building blocks of proteins (20 types)

Question 38

ORGANIC SUBSTANCES: NUCLEIC ACIDS (Forms genes and takes part in protein synthesis)

Answer 38

Nucleotide nucleic acids-- DNA & RNA

Question 39

Nucleotides

Answer 39

Contains a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogenous bases

Question 40

2 Types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 40

RNA DNA

Question 41

RNA

Answer 41

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 42

DNA

Answer 42

Deoxyribonucleic Acid