Anatomy/Physiology of Swallowing Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy/Physiology of Swallowing Deck (14)
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1
Q

what are the 3 phases swallowing consists of

A

oral phase(voluntary), pharyngeal phase(involuntary), oesophageal phase(involuntary)

2
Q

describe the mastication part of the oral phase of swallowing

A

masticatory muscles(CN V3) breakdown food and allow it to mix with saliva

3
Q

describe the bolus manipulation part of the oral phase of swallowing

A

intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles(CN XII) manipulate bolus and align it between dentition and push it against hard palate

4
Q

describe the action of the soft palate in the oral phase of swallowing

A

depresses to create and oropharyngeal seal and tongue ‘ripples’ bolus exteriorly

5
Q

what role does the facial nerve(CN VII) have in the oral phase of swallowing

A

creates labial seal(orbicularis oris) and tightens the cheek(buccinator)

6
Q

what innervates the hard palate

A

branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion, therefore secretomotor function by CN VII and general sensation by CN V2

7
Q

describe the course of CN XII

A

extends from the medulla, passes through hypoglossal canal, descends close to carotid sheath, courses lateral to hypoglossus into floor of mouth

8
Q

what muscles of the tongue does CN XII(facial nerve) innervate

A

all muscles of the tongue that end on glossus

except palatoglossus

9
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus

10
Q

what is the pharyngeal phase of swallowing initiated by, and why is it a critical phase

A

delivery of bolus to oropharynx, critical as switches from air channel to food channel

11
Q

what actions is the pharyngeal phase of swallowing facilitated by

A

elevation of soft palate, posterior pressure from tongue, hyolaryngeal elevation and pharyngeal constrictor contraction

12
Q

describe the action of hyolaryngeal elevation

A

hyoid dragged superiorly and anteriorly by suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles, coupled with posterior tongue pressure
forces epiglottis inferior to tongue and covers laryngeal aditus

13
Q

what is the movement of food bolus through the laryngopharynx and into the oesophagus aided by

A

tongue pressure, sequential contraction of pharyngeal constrictors superior to inferior, relaxation of upper oesophageal sphincter(cricopharyngeus)

14
Q

what does the pharyngeal plexus innervate and what is it formed by

A

innervates = muscles of soft palate and pharynx, except tensor veli palatini
formed by CN IX and CN X