Anatomy: Physiology of Tissues and Integument Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is the Nervous Tissue, its Location, and what TWO Cells are involved?
CONTROL (Information)
Location: Brain, Spinal Cord
Cells:
Neurons - Generate electrical Impulses
Neuroglial Cells - Supportive Cells (Majority of the nervous tissue)
What is the Muscular Tissue, and the 3 kinds of Muscular Tissue?
FORCE OR MOVEMENT
Skeletal: Attached to bones
Cardiac: Walls of the heart
Smooth: Walls of other organs
What is the Epithelial Tissue & its function?
COVERS, in charge of protection, secretion, transportation, immune defense, etc.
Also involved in the glands
What is Connective Tissue and what are examples of it?
Connects and binds parts together.
Ex: Fat, fibrous tissue, cartilage, bone, blood
How does the process of Tissue Repair work?
In epithelial tissues, regeneration is very rapid and prominent. Most connective tissues are highly regenerative (Cartilage is avascular so it is an exception).
Positive Feedback loop is the primary process in the repair process.
How do cells regenerate in the process of Tissue Repair?
Through Mitosis – dead/damaged cells and removed and replaced which maintains homeostasis (Not all cells can undergo mitosis)
What are some tissues that cannot undergo Mitosis?
Neurons, cardiac muscular tissues – cannot undergo mitosis, so the tissue is replaced with scar tissue.
What is the Integument?
Skin (Organ System)
What are the components of the Integument (skin)?
Epidermis- Composed of KERATINIZED Stratified Squamous epithelium
Dermis- Deep towards basement membrane, composed of irregular connective tissues.
What are the Integumentary System Functions?
Protection, sensation, excretion, vitamin D synthesis
Describe the steps to Epidermal growth and Keratinization
- Cell Division (Mitosis)
- Migration: Cells move upwards through layers of epidermis.
- Keratinization: Cells are filled with keratin, losing their nuclei, forming a tough, protective layer.
- Desquamation: Dead cells shed from surface
Process continually renews in order to protect the skin
What are the functions & properties of the Dermis?
Provides blood supply for epidermis, anchors the epidermis in place, and is flexible in being able to stretch and come back into place due to collagen fibers.
What are Skin markings primarily for?
Grip
What are Tension Lines?
Natural orientation of collagen fibers within the skin.
They show where the skin has the greatest tensile strength.
Surgical Cuts made parallel to tension lines heal faster and better than perpendicular to.
What is Melanin?
Protects skin from UV radiation.
Amount of melanin determines skin color.
What is the function of Hair?
Protects skin of scalp from UV radiation, detects changes in environment (sensory receptor), protects unwanted substances from entering various pathways.
How is hair formed?
Mitosis and keratinization.
Visible hair is keratinized and dead.
What is hair pigment determined by?
The lighter the hair, the less melanin.
Red hair is a specialized reddish pigment containing iron.
Explain the three burns and how they affect the body
First Degree: Impacts the epidermis
Second Degree: Impacts the epidermis and dermis
Third Degree: Impacts epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. (Can be life threatening and medication cannot be administered immediately as it impedes the healing process)
What is Skin Cancer?
Most common cancer, out of control mutations/cell division in the skin.
What is the Eccrine? (Integument)
Sweat gland that secretes water containing primarily electrolytes which cools down body. (Water has high heat capacity)
What is the apocrine glands? (Integument)
Sweat gland in primarily armpits and genitalia, releases pheromones through sweat.
Is the epidermis avascular or does it have a blood supply?
Avascular
What is the Stratum Basale and what is its function?
Single layer of stem cells attached to basement membrane of Epidermis.
Responsible for making new cells for replacing dead keratinized cells, and vitamin D synthesis as well.
