Anatomy: Post-Cranial Skeleton, Articulations, Joints Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
Sternum
A
Breastbone with three parts: body, xiphoid process, manubrium.
2
Q
Manubrium
A
Upper part of the sternum.
3
Q
Xiphoid Process
A
Small, pointed lower part of the sternum.
4
Q
Costal Cartilage
A
Cartilage connecting ribs to the sternum.
5
Q
True Ribs
A
First 7 pairs (directly attached to the sternum).
5
Q
Clavicular Notch
A
Notch on the manubrium for clavicle attachment
5
Q
Ribs
A
Curved bones forming the rib cage.
6
Q
False Ribs
A
Ribs 8-10 (attached indirectly to the sternum).
7
Q
Floating Ribs
A
Ribs 11-12 (not attached to the sternum).
8
Q
Head (rib)
A
Rounded end of the rib that articulates with the vertebrae.
9
Q
Tubercle
A
Bump on the rib that connects to vertebrae.
10
Q
Shaft (rib)
A
Long, curved part of the rib.
11
Q
Vertebrae
A
Individual bones forming the spine.
11
Q
Vertebral Arch
A
Surrounds the vertebral foramen
12
Q
Spinous Process
A
Projection on the back of a vertebra.
13
Q
Lamina
A
Flat part of the vertebral arch.
14
Q
Pedicle
A
Connects the body to the arch.
15
Q
Vertebral Foramen
A
Opening for the spinal cord.
16
Q
Transverse Process
A
Lateral projections from the vertebra.
17
Q
Superior Articular Process
A
Articulates with the vertebra above.
18
Q
Intervertebral Disc
A
Cartilage between vertebrae.
18
Q
Inferior Articular Process
A
Articulates with the vertebra below.
19
Q
Intervertebral Foramen
A
Openings for spinal nerves.
20
Q
Cervical Vertebra
A
Vertebrae in the neck region
21
Atlas
First cervical vertebra, supports the skull.
21
Transverse Foramen
Holes in cervical vertebrae for blood vessels.
21
Anterior Tubercle
Small bump on the atlas.
22
Axis
Second cervical vertebra, allows rotation.
22
Superior Articular Facet
Surface for articulation with the skull.
23
Dens (Odontoid Process)
Projection on the axis for rotation.
24
Thoracic Vertebra
Vertebrae in the mid-back region.
25
Transverse Costal Face
Articulates with the ribs.
25
Sacrum
Triangular bone at the base of the spine
26
Median Sacral Crest
Bony ridge along the posterior sacrum.
26
Ala
Wing-like projections on the sacrum.
27
Sacral Promontory
Anterior projection of the sacrum.
28
Auricular Surface
Surface for hip bone articulation.
29
Sacral Canal
Passage for spinal nerves
29
Hyoid
U-shaped bone in the neck, supports the tongue.
30
Apex
Pointed end of the sacrum.
30
Coccyx
Small bone at the bottom of the vertebral column.
31
Pectoral Girdle
Bones supporting the upper limbs.
32
Acromion End
Lateral end of the clavicle.
32
Sternal End
Medial end of the clavicle.
33
Clavicle
Collarbone.
33
Conoid Tubercle
Bump on the clavicle for ligament attachment.
34
Scapula
Shoulder blade.
35
Acromion
Projection on the scapula.
35
Superior Border
Top edge of the scapula.
36
Subscapular Fossa
Anterior surface of the scapula.
37
Coracoid Process
Hook-like projection on the scapula.
38
Glenoid Cavity
Socket for the humerus
39
Spine
Ridge on the posterior scapula.
40
Supraspinous Fossa
Above the spine of the scapula.
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Infraspinous Fossa
Below the spine of the scapula.
42
Humerus
Bone of the upper arm.
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Head
Rounded top of the humerus.
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Lesser Tubercle
Smaller bump on the humerus.
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Greater Tubercle
Larger bump on the humerus.
46
Intertubercular Sulcus
Groove between tubercles on the humerus.
47
Anatomical Neck
Slightly constricted area below the head.
48
Deltoid Tuberosity
Rough area for muscle attachment on the humerus.
49
Radial Fossa
Depression for the radius at the humerus.
50
Lateral Epicondyle
Outer bony prominence of the humerus.
51
Medial Epicondyle
Inner bony prominence of the humerus.
52
Capitulum
Round knob on the humerus for radius articulation.
53
Trochlea
Spool-shaped structure for ulna articulation.
54
Olecranon Fossa
Depression for the olecranon of the ulna.
55
Radius
Lateral bone of the forearm.
55
Radial Head
Round, flat part of the radius that articulates with the humerus.
56
Ulna
Medial bone of the forearm.
57
Styloid Process (Radius)
Bony prominence at the wrist end of the radius.
58
Radial Tuberosity
Bump for muscle attachment on the radius.
59
Olecranon
Elbow projection of the ulna.
60
Styloid Process (Ulna)
Bony prominence at the wrist end of the ulna
61
Interosseous Membrane
Membrane connecting the radius and ulna.
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Radial Notch
Articulates with the radial head on the ulna
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Trochlear Notch
C-shaped notch on the ulna for humeral articulation.
64
Carpals
Eight wrist bones.
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Coronoid Process
Projection on the ulna that fits into the humerus.
65
Hamate
Carpal bone with a hook-like projection.
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Capitate
Largest carpal bone.
67
Pisiform
Small carpal bone, pea-shaped.
68
Triquetrum
Pyramid-shaped carpal bone.
69
Lunate
Carpal bone that articulates with the radius.
70
Trapezoid
Carpal bone, second from the thumb side.
71
Trapezium
Carpal bone that articulates with the thumb.
72
Scaphoid
Carpal bone located near the base of the thumb.
72
Metacarpals (1-5)
Five bones of the hand.
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Phalanges (1-5)
Finger bones.
74
Distal Phalange
Bone at the tip of the finger.
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Middle Phalange
Bone between the distal and proximal phalanges (not present in the thumb).
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Proximal Phalange
Bone closest to the hand.
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Pelvic Girdle
Bones supporting the lower limbs.
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Pollex
Thumb
78
Ilium
Uppermost part of the pelvis
79
Auricular Surface
Surface for sacrum articulation on the ilium.
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Iliac Fossa
Large, concave surface on the ilium.
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Greater Sciatic Notch
Notch for sciatic nerve passage on the ilium.
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Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Prominent bony projection on the ilium.
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Iliac Crest
Top edge of the ilium.
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Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Lower bony projection on the ilium.
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Pubis
Anterior part of the pelvis.
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Pubic Symphysis
Cartilaginous joint between the pubic bones.
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Inferior Pubic Ramus
Bone extending down from the pubis.
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Superior Pubic Ramus
Bone extending up from the pubis.
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Pubic Body
Central part of the pubis.
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Ischium
Lower part of the pelvis.
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Pubic Arch
Arch formed by the pubic bones
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Ischial Spine
Projection on the ischium
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Ischial Ramus
Bone extending from the ischium.
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Ischial Ramus
Bone extending from the ischium.
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Ischial Tuberosity
Weight-bearing part of the ischium (sits bones).
93
Acetabulum
Socket for hip joint.
94
Pelvic Inlet
Upper opening of the pelvis.
94
Obturator Foramen
Large opening in the pelvis.
95
Pelvic Outlet
Lower opening of the pelvis.
96
Pelvic Brim
Edge of the pelvic inlet.
97
Male vs. Female Pelvis
Females have a wider pelvic inlet for childbirth.
98
Femur
Thigh bone, longest bone in the body.
99
Head (Femur)
Rounded top that fits into the acetabulum.
100
Fovea Capitus
Small depression in the head of the femur.
101
Lesser Trochanter
Small projection for muscle attachment on the femur.
102
Greater Trochanter
Large projection for muscle attachment on the femur.
103
Gluteal Tuberosity
Bump for gluteal muscle attachment.
104
Linea Aspera
Ridge on the femur for muscle attachment.
105
Intercondylar Fossa
Notch between the condyles of the femur.
106
Lateral Epicondyle
Outer bony prominence of the femur.
107
Lateral Condyle
Round projection on the outer side of the femur
108
Medial Epicondyle
Inner bony prominence of the femur.
109
Medial Condyle
Round projection on the inner side of the femur.
110
Patella
Knee cap, protects the knee joint.
111
Tibia
Larger, medial bone of the lower leg.
112
Medial Condyle (Tibia)
Inner round projection of the tibia.
113
Intercondylar Eminence
Raised area between the condyles on the tibia.
113
Interosseous Membrane (Tibia)
Membrane between tibia and fibula.
114
Lateral Condyle (Tibia)
Outer round projection of the tibia.
115
Tibial Tuberosity
Bump on the tibia for patellar ligament attachment.
116
Fibula
Smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg.
116
Medial Malleolus
Inner bony prominence at the ankle.
117
Head of Fibula
Upper end of the fibula that articulates with the tibia.
117
Tarsals
Seven ankle bones.
118
Lateral Malleolus
Outer bony prominence at the ankle.
119
Lateral Cuneiform
Tarsal bone on the outer side of the foot.
120
Intermediate Cuneiform
Middle tarsal bone.
121
Medial Cuneiform
Tarsal bone on the inner side of the foot.
121
Calcaneus
Heel bone
122
Talus
Tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
123
Cuboid
Tarsal bone that articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals.
123
Phalanges (1-5)
Toe bones.
123
Navicular
Tarsal bone located in front of the talus.
124
Metatarsals
Five bones of the foot.
124
Distal Phalange (Toe)
Bone at the tip of the toe.
125
Middle Phalange (Toe)
Bone between the distal and proximal phalanges (not present in the big toe).
126
Proximal Phalange (Toe)
Bone closest to the foot.
127
Hallux
Big toe (first digit).Fibrous Joint
128
Fibrous Joint
Joints where bones are connected by dense connective tissue; no movement.
129
Syndesmosis
Joint where bones are connected by a ligament; slightly movable (e.g., between tibia and fibula).
130
Gomphosis
Peg-in-socket joint (e.g., teeth in their sockets).
131
Cartilaginous Joints
Joints connected by cartilage; allow limited movement.
132
Synchondrosis
Joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plates).
133
Symphysis
Joint where bones are connected by fibrocartilage (e.g., pubic symphysis).
134
Articular Capsule
Surrounds the joint; encloses the joint cavity.
135
Synovial Joints
Freely movable joints with a joint cavity.
136
Joint Cavity
Space containing synovial fluid.
136
Fibrous Outer Layer
Tough outer layer of the articular capsule.
136
Hinge Joint
Allows flexion and extension (e.g., elbow).
136
Synovial Membrane
Inner layer that secretes synovial fluid.
137
Plane Joint
Allows sliding/gliding movements (e.g., intercarpal joints).
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Pivot Joint
Allows rotation (e.g., atlantoaxial joint).
138
Condylar Joint
Allows movement in two planes (e.g., wrist).
139
Ball & Socket Joint
Allows the most movement (e.g., shoulder, hip).
139
Saddle Joint
Allows a wide range of motion (e.g., thumb).
140
Knee Joint
Complex synovial joint; allows for flexion and extension.
140
Fibular (Lateral) Collateral Ligament
Stabilizes the outer side of the knee.
141
Tibial (Medial) Collateral Ligament
Stabilizes the inner side of the knee.
142
Patellar Ligament
Connects patella to tibia; important for knee extension.
143
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Prevents forward movement of the tibia.
144
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Prevents backward movement of the tibia.
145
Lateral Meniscus
Cartilage that cushions the outer side of the knee.
146
Medial Meniscus
Cartilage that cushions the inner side of the knee.
