Intro to Psychology: Unit 2 Chapter 7 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are the 3 key processes of memory?
Encoding, storage, and retrieval.
What does Encoding Mean?
The process of forming a memory code.
What does Storage Mean?
Maintaining the previously formed memory code.
What does Retrieval Mean?
Recalling the memory code.
What does Attention mean in the context of memory?
Focus to stimuli around you
What is memory negatively affected by?
Multi-tasking
What is the Levels of processing theory?
The deeper levels of mentally processing which result in longer-lasting memory codes.
What are the 3 levels of processing?
Shallow, intermediate, and deep.
What does Dual-coding mean?
Memory that is enhanced by forming semantic (deep) or visual codes; Information is more easily understood and remembered when it is presented in two forms: verbal and visual
Ex: Drawing something – you use a lot of different senses that allow for a deeper level of processing.
What does visual imagery mean?
Creation of images that represent words.
Ex: A juggler (you can imagine what they’re doing”
3 Memory Storages: Sensory Memory
Preserves info through the senses.
3 Memory Storages: Short-term Memory
Has a limited storage capacity and maintains memory for short durations.
3 Memory Storages: Long-term Memory
Has an unlimited storage capacity that can hold information over long periods of time.
What does chunking mean?
Grouping a single stimuli into different bits and pieces to remember better.
Ex: FBINBCCIAIBM
FBI NBC CIA IBM
What are Flashbulb Memories?
A momentous or seemingly permanent event.
It is susceptible to decay over time.
(NOT ANY MORE ACCURATE THAN OTHER MEMORIES)
Why are Flashbulb memories considered “permanent?”
They are important events but it may not be accurate when you recall it because it is susceptible to decay over time.
What are Schemas?
Organized clusters of knowledge that are set expectations about a specific object or thing.
Ex: A classroom can be clustered into many different subcategories that define what it is such such as: Teachers, students, desks, chairs, projectors, markers, white boards, etc.
What is the Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon?
When you’re not able to retrieve info that feels as if its just out of your reach.
What helps with the Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon?
Having Retrieval Cues.
What are Retrieval Cues?
Any stimuli that helps gain access to memories.
What are Context Cues?
Putting yourself un the context where that memory occurred.
Ex: Forgetting something and then going back to the room you were previously in to try and remember why you had that memory and what it was.
What is the Misinformation effect?
Recalling an event but its altered by misleading post-event information.
Ex: Professor Tie example
What does Retention mean?
Focusing on the proportion of what is remembered, rather than what’s forgotten.
Define: Recall Measure
Remembering/providing info without any cues.
Ex: Eyewitness testimony –> you should not receive any cues.
