Anatomy - Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

The abdominal cavity is bordered posteriorly by the […], superiorly by the […], and inferiorly by the […].

Answer 1

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Diaphragm / ribs

Iliac blades

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

What are two lower limb maneuver tests you can do to test for appendicitis?

Answer 5

Psoas sign - retrocecal appendix that is inflamed –> pain signals come from somatic nerves innervating psoas muscle –> pain with extension of leg

Obturator sign –> pelvic appendix (inferior to cecum) that is inflamed –> pain signals come from somatic nerves innervating obturator muscle –> pain with flexion and internal rotation of leg

Question 6

For each hiatus:

• Name
• What passes through it
• What level of spine

Answer 6

IVC – T8

Esophagus – T10

Aorta and thoracic duct – T12

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

The blood supply to the diaphragm comes from the […] arteries.

Answer 8

Superior and inferior phrenic

Question 9

The inferior phrenic arteries come off the […].

Answer 9

Aorta

Question 10

What two arteries branch off the inferior phrenic artery?

Answer 10

Superior adrenal or suprarenal arteries

Question 11

• The diaphragm muscle is innervated by the […].
• The […] pierces the diaphragm by wrapping around the esophagus.
• What other important nerves pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 11

phrenic nerve

vagus nerve

The greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves and the sympathetic chain

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

• The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at about the […] level.
• The celiac trunk is at about the level of […], with the SMA […] at and the renal arteries at […].
• The IMA comes off at about […].

Answer 13

L4/L5

T12; L1 ; L1/L2

L3

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Where do abdominal aortic aneurysisms most commonly occur?

Answer 16

Just superior to bifurcation, between renal and iliac arteries

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

What is an IVC filter?

Answer 20

Question 21

Lymphatic drainage often follows […], so to guess where cancer in a certain organ is likely to metastasize to, follow the […].

Answer 21

veins

venous drainage

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

For each nerve, state which spinal cord level(s) it arises from: * Subcostal * Iliohypogastric * Ilioinguinal * Genitofemoral * Lateral femoral cutaneous * Femoral * Obturator

Answer 25

* T12 * T12-L1 * T12-L1 * L1 * L2-L3 * L2 - L4 * L2 - L4

Question 26

* The genitofemoral nerve is almost always right on the surface of the [...] muscle. * The femoral nerve is usually visible just lateral and deep to the [...] muscle. * The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is a bit more superior, running laterally on the surface of the [...] muscle. * The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves are even more superior, usually just superior to the [...].

Answer 26

* psoas * psoas * iliacus * iliac crest

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

* The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves are two branches of the [...]. * They both provide some motor innervation to the [...]. * Both have some sensory territory – the iliohypogastric along [...] and the ilioinguinal on the [...].

Answer 29

* L1 ventral ramus * Lower abdominal muscles * The skin overlying the inguinal canal; superior-most skin of the medial thigh

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

* The genitofemoral nerve runs along the anterior surface of the [...] and then divides into a [...] branch and a [...] branch.

Answer 31

Psoas muscle; genital; femoral

Question 32

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve provides motor innervation to the [...] as well as sensory innervation to the [...] .

Answer 32

* cremaster muscle of the scrotal wall in people with penises * lateral scrotal wall

Question 33

The femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve provides some sensory innervation to the [...].

Answer 33

Skin overlying the femoral triangle

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

What is the sensory and motor territory of the obturator nerve?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is the sensory and motor territory of the femoral nerve?

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37