anatomy quiz #11

Question 1

cerebrovascular accidents

Answer 1

a condition in which brain tissue is deprived of a blood supply, as in blockage of a cerebral blood vessel; also called a stroke.

Question 2

hemiplegia

Answer 2

one sided paralysis

Question 3

aphasias

Answer 3

result of damage to the left cerebral hemisphere, where the language areas are located.

Question 4

transient ischemic attack

Answer 4

Temporary brain ischemia, or restricted blood flow, is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA). TIAs last from 5 to 50 minutes and are characterized by symptoms such as numbness, temporary paralysis, and impaired speech

Question 5

alzheimers disease

Answer 5

disease is a degenerative brain disease in which abnormal protein deposits and other structural changes appear. It results in slow, progressive loss of memory and motor control plus increasing dementia

Question 6

parkinson’s disease

Answer 6

results from a degeneration of specific neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, which normally supply dopamine to the basal nuclei.

Question 7

spinal cord

Answer 7

part of the CNS that provides a two-way conduction system to and from the brain; also a major reflex center.

Question 8

cauda equina

Answer 8

the collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the vertebral canal.

Question 9

flaccid paralysis

Answer 9

nerve impulses do not reach the muscles affected; thus, no voluntary movement of those muscles is possible.

Question 10

auntonomic nervous system

Answer 10

the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands; also called involuntary nervous system.

Question 11

somatic nervous system

Answer 11

a division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system.

Question 12

sympathetic division

Answer 12

a division of the autonomic nervous system; opposes parasympathetic functions; called the fight-or-flight division; also called thora columbar division.

Question 13

parasympathetic division

Answer 13

a division of the autonomic nervous system; also referred to as the craniosacral division.

Question 14

craniosacral division

Answer 14

The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division are located in brain nuclei of several cranial nerves and in the S2 through S4 levels of the spinal cord

Question 15

tharocolumbar division

Answer 15

The sympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar

Question 16

cerebral palsy

Answer 16

neuromuscular disability in which the voluntary muscles are poorly controlled and spastic because of brain damage.

Question 17

anencephaly

Answer 17

a birth defect in which the cerebrum fails to develop.

Question 18

spinal bifida

Answer 18

results when the vertebrae form incompletely

Question 19

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 19

temporary hypotension due to abrupt movement from a sitting or reclining position to an upright position

Question 19

arteriosclerosis

Answer 19

any of a number of proliferative and degenerative changes in the arteries leading to their decreased elasticity and hardening; end stage of atherosclerosis.

Question 20

senility

Answer 20

characterized by forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty in concentrating and thinking clearly, and confusion. A sudden loss of blood and oxygen delivery to the brain results in a CVA (stroke)

Question 21

cerebral angiography

Answer 21

involves injecting a dye to make arteries in the brain stand out on X-ray imaging

Question 22

electroencephalogram

Answer 22

graphic record of the electrical activity of the brain.

Question 23

computed tomography

Answer 23

allow quick identification of most tumors, intracranial lesions, multiple sclerosis plaques, and areas of dead brain tissue

Question 24

magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 24

scans allow quick identification of most tumors, intracranial lesions, multiple sclerosis plaques, and areas of dead brain tissue (infarcts).

Question 25

positron emission tomography

Answer 25

scans can localize lesions that generate epileptic seizures

Question 26

spastic paralysis

Answer 26

the affected muscles stay healthy because they are still stimulated by spinal reflex arcs, and movement of those muscles does occur.

Question 27

nerve

Answer 27

bundle of neuronal processes (axons) outside the central nervous system.

Question 28

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 28

the location of cell bodies of sensory neurons which enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root.

Question 29

dorsal root

Answer 29

the root at which sensory neurons enter the spinal cord.