anatomy quiz #9

Question 1

muscle fatigue

Answer 1

inability of a muscle to contract even while being stimulated.

Question 2

muscle twitch

Answer 2

a single rapid contraction of a muscle followed by relaxation.

Question 3

muscle tone

Answer 3

sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch receptor inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react

Question 4

perimysium

Answer 4

the connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers

Question 5

aponeurosis

Answer 5

fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves.

Question 6

cardiac muscle

Answer 6

specialized muscle of the heart with striations and intercalated discs; involuntary muscle

Question 7

smooth muscle

Answer 7

muscle consisting of spindle-shaped, unstriped (nonstriated) muscle cells; involuntary muscle

Question 8

skeletal muscle

Answer 8

system of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage.

Question 9

myofibrils

Answer 9

contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells.

Question 10

sacromere

Answer 10

the smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one Z disc to the next.

Question 11

actin

Answer 11

one of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the thin filaments.

Question 12

myosin

Answer 12

one of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the thick filaments

Question 13

myofilament

Answer 13

filaments composing the myofibrils. Of two types: actin and myosin.

Question 14

unfused tetanus

Answer 14

a muscle contraction in which the muscle does not completely relax between stimulation events; causes an increase in force because individual twitches are added together, or summed; also called incomplete tetanus.

Question 15

creatine phosphate

Answer 15

a compound that transfers a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP in muscle fibers.

Question 16

aerobic respiration

Answer 16

respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products.
Afferent

Question 17

anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 17

a process in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the formation of 2 ATP molecules and lactic acid.

Question 18

lactic acid

Answer 18

the product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle.

Question 19

isotonic contraction

Answer 19

refers to “same tone”; the muscle shortens as it contracts, and movement occurs

Question 20

atrophy

Answer 20

a reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use.
Auricle

Question 21

flaccid

Answer 21

soft; flabby; relaxed.

Question 22

isometric contraction

Answer 22

refers to “same length”; the muscle generates tension but does not shorten, and no movement occurs.

Question 23

extention

Answer 23

so it is a movement that increases the angle, or distance, between two bones or parts of the body

Question 24

rotation

Answer 24

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

Question 25

abduction

Answer 25

is moving a limb away from the midline, or median plane, of the body

Question 26

adduction

Answer 26

movement of a limb toward the body midline

Question 27

flexion

Answer 27

pointing toes away and to the body

Question 28

supination

Answer 28

Supination occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly

Question 29

pronation

Answer 29

occurs when the forearm rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly

Question 30

inversion

Answer 30

turn the sole medially

Question 31

eversion

Answer 31

turn the sole laterally.