Anatomy/Respiration

Question 1

How many times per minute do individuals inhale and exhale during normal respiration?

Answer 1

12-18

Question 2

List the muscles of inspiration. (5)

Answer 2

1. diaphragm
2. external intercostals (pulls ribs up and out)
3. serrates posterior superior (elevates rib cage)
4. levator costarium brevis
5. levator costarium longis

Question 3

List the muscles of expiration.

Answer 3

internal intercostal muscles
latissimus dorsi
rectum abdominis
transverse abdominis
internal obliques
quadratus lumborum

Question 4

List the structures involved in respiration.

Answer 4

1. trachea
2. lungs
3. bronchi
4. spinal column
5. sternum (manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process)
6. rib cage

Question 5

Describe the Myoelastic-Aerodynamic theory.

Answer 5

theory of phonation. VF closes – which builds up sub-glottal air pressure – pressure blows the VF apart – VF vibrate – air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure – VF are sucked back together

Question 6

List the laryngeal cartilages.

Answer 6

1. hyoid bone
2. epiglottis
3. thyroid cartilage
4. cricoid cartilage
5. arytenoids
6. corniculates

Question 7

List the 3 layers of the vocal folds

Answer 7

1. epithelium (outer)
2. lamina propria (middle)
3. vocalis muscle (body)

Question 8

Aryepiglottic folds

Answer 8

go from arytenoids to larynx and help preserve airway

Question 9

Ventricular folds

Answer 9

vibrate at times with low frequencies

Question 10

List the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation.

Answer 10

1. internal thyroarytenoid (vibrates and produces phonation)
2. cricothyroid (lengthens and tenses VF)
3. oblique and transverse arytenoid (adductors)
4. posterior cricoarytenoid (abducts)
   lateral cricoarytenoid (adducts)

Question 11

List the elevator extrinsic muscles involved in phonation.

Answer 11

digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
hyoglossus
genioglossus

Question 12

List the depressor extrinsic muscles involved in phonation.

Answer 12

thyrohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
sternohyoid

Question 13

How many teeth do we have?

Answer 13

32

Question 14

List the parts of the tongue.

Answer 14

tip, blade, dorsum, root, lingual frenulum

Question 15

List the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Answer 15

1. superior longitudinal muscle (tip up)
2. inferior longitudinal muscle (tip down)
3. transverse muscle (elongates tongue)
4. vertical muscle (narrows tongue)

Question 16

What cranial nerve innervates intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue?

Answer 16

CN XII hypoglossal

Question 17

List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Answer 17

1. genioglossus (bulk of tongue, retracts, draws down)
2. styloglossus (up and back)
3. hyoglossus (retracts and depress)
4. chondroglossus (depress)
5. palatoglossus (elevates tongue and depresses velum)

Question 18

List the muscles of the pharynx.

Answer 18

1. salpingopharyngeus: elevates laryngeal wall
2. stylopharyngeus: elevates and opens pharynx
3. superior pharyngeal constrictor: pulls wall forward
4. middle pharyngeal constrictor: narrows diameter or pharynx
5. inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constricts office of esophagus and reduces diameter of pharynx

Question 19

List the muscles of the soft palate.

Answer 19

1. levator veli palatini (elevates velum)
2. tensor veli palatini (tenses velum)
3. palatoglossus (elevates and depresses velum)
4. palatopharyngeus (lowers velum)

Question 20

List 2 structures involved in hard palate.

Answer 20

premaxilla
palatine process

Question 21

List the elevation mandible muscles.

Answer 21

masseter
temporalis
pterygoid

Question 22

List the depressor mandible muscles.

Answer 22

digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid