Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology SOH > Anatomy Spine > Flashcards

Anatomy Spine Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The spinal cord is continuous with which part of the brain?

A

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does C1 officially begin?

A

At the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

A

L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After L2 vertebral level, the spinal cord becomes ?

A

The conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is contained in the cauda equina region?
A - spinal nerves
B - spinal nerve roots

A

B - spinal nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the cauda equina region?

A

From L2 vertebral level -> coxyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In the cauda equina region, where is the spinal nerve located?

A

Within intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the epidural fat which surrounds the spinal cord?

A

Acts as a shock absorber to protect the spinal cord from any trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is a laminectomy procedure indicated?

A

To relieve pressure on spinal cord or nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a laminectomy?

A

Used to access the spinal canal, posterior exposure of the spinal cord and/or spinal roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many vertebrae are there in total?

A

33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The vertebrae get larger from superior -> inferior. Why is this?

A

As they are required to weight bear more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of joint is the vertebrae?

A

Synovial plane joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which part of the vertebrae produces blood cells (haematopoesis)?

A

Vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
what are the curvatures of the vertebral column? 
Cervical lordosis/kyphosis?
Thoracic lordosis/kyphosis?
Lumbar lordosis/kyphosis? 
Sacral lordosis/kyphosis?
A

Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Sacralq kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the vertebral foramen?

A

Conveys and protects the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following are located more posteriorly? Lamina or pedicles

A

Lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cervical vertebrae have transverse foramen. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is unique about cervical vertebrae spinous processes?

A

They are bifid (spinous processes split into 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What shape are cervical vertebrae vertebral foramen?

A

Triangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the name of C1 ?

A

Atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the features of C1?

A

No body, no spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name of C2?

A

Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the features of C2?

A

Odontoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The sacrum has intervertebral foramina. True or false?
False | - it has anterior and posterior sacral foramina
26
Sacrum - what are the ala?
The wings of the sacrum
27
The sacral hiatus is not palpable. True or false?
False | - it is palpable
28
Where does intervertebral foramen form?
Between adjacent vertebrae
29
Where are spinal nerves located?
intervertebral foramen
30
Where are facet joints located?
Between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
31
Intervertebral discs are secondary cartilaginous. True or false?
True
32
Where are intervertebral discs located?
Between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
33
Intervertebral discs are located at every vertebral level. True or false?
False - None between C1-C2 - None between fused sacrum/coccyx
34
Intervertebral disc - function
For strength and weight bearing
35
Intervertebral disc - what is the outer ring called?
Annulus fibrosis | strong, fibrous
36
Intervertebral disc - what is the inner ring called?
Nucleus Pulposus | soft pulp, flexible, protection
37
What are intervertebral discs mainly composed of?
Water
38
Which joints are responsible for making "yes" movement with head (i.e. flexion and extension of neck)?
Atlanto-occipital joints
39
Which joints are responsible for making "no" movement with head (i.e. rotation)?
Atlanto-axial joints
40
Ligamentum flavum - location?
Connects adjacent laminae posterior to spinal cord
41
Ligamentum flavum - function?
Helps maintain an upright posture | Assists in straightening spine
42
Posterior longitudinal ligament - location?
Attaches to posterior aspect of all vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
43
Posterior longitudinal ligament - function?
Prevents over-flexion of spine
44
Anterior longitudinal ligament - location?
Attaches to anterior aspects of all vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
45
Anterior longitudinal ligament - function?
Prevents over-extension of spine
46
Supraspinous ligament - location?
Connects tips of the spinous processes
47
Supraspinous ligament is weak. True or false?
False | - it is strong
48
Interspinous ligament - location?
Connects superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes
49
Interspinous ligament is weak. True or false?
True
50
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 spinal nerves
51
What is the film terminale?
Where the conus medullaris continues as a thin connective tissue
52
Spinal meninges are continuous with cranial meninges. True or false?
True
53
Where is the epidural space between?
Dura mater and the bone
54
What layers does the needle need to pass through to get to the epidural space?
``` Skin Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum Epidural space ```
55
How might an epidural haematoma arise?
In the epidural space there is a fat and venous plexus. | If the needle hits a vein then you can get an epidural haematoma compressing the spinal cord or cauda equina region
56
What layers does the needle need to pass through to get to the lumbar puncture site?
``` Skin Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum Epidural space Dura mater Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid space ```
57
What is the lumbar puncture site?
Sub arachnoid space
58
Where is the safest vertebral level to carry out epidural anaesthesia or lumbar puncture?
L3/L4
59
Which vertebral level does the subarachnoid space end?
S2
60
What is the function of the denticulate ligament?
Suspends the spinal cord in the spinal canal
61
What is denticulate ligament formed from?
Pial and arachnoid tissue
62
Grey and white matter vary in proportion along the length of the spinal cord. True or false?
True
63
Grey matter - inner/outer
Inner aspect | - H shaped
64
Grey matter - contains neurones. True or false?
True
65
Which 4 parts is Grey matter divided into?
Left and right anterior (ventral) horn | Left and right posterior (dorsal) horn
66
Posterior (dorsal) horn receives somatosensory / motor information?
Somatosensory
67
Anterior (ventral) horn receives motor / sensory innervation?
Motor
68
At which level of the spinal cord is the lateral horn present?
Only in the thoracic and upper lumbar segment
69
What does the lateral horn contain?
Autonomic neurones (this is why the sympathetic system is from T1 -> L2)
70
White matter - inner / outer aspect?
Outer
71
Ascending and descending tracts are located in grey matter. True or false?
False | - white matter
72
White matter - anterior column is continuous with lateral column. True or false?
True
73
White matter - posterior column is continous with lateral column. True or false?
False | - Posterior column has a distinct boundary
74
As you descend down the spinal cord, white matter occupies a LARGER/SMALLER proportion of the cord ?
Smaller
75
What are the main arteries that supply the spinal cord?
Longitudinal arteries - 1 anterior, 2 posterior - run along the length of the cord
76
Longitudinal arteries originate from vertebral arteries. True or false?
True
77
Which arteries supply a significant proportion of the inferior part of the spinal cord?
Segmental arteries
78
Where are radicular arteries located?
Along dorsal and ventral roots
79
Venous drainage of the spinal cord is similar to arterial blood supply. True or false?
True - longitudinal veins - segmental veins
80
What is the function of extrinsic back muslces?
To move the upper limb
81
Name 5 extrinsic back muscles
``` Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Rhomboids Levator scapulae Theres major ```
82
What is the function of intrinsic back muscles?
Maintain back posture and help move the spine
83
Name 2 intrinsic back muscles
Erector spinae | Transversospinalis
84
Location of transversospinalis?
Between the transverse and spinous processes
85
Bilateral contraction of erector spinae results in
Spine extension
86
Unilateral contraction of erector spinae results in
Lateral flexion
87
Which muscles are responsible for the following spine movement: flexion
Psoas major | Rectus abdominis
88
Which muscles are responsible for the following spine movement: extension
Erector spinae (bilaterally)
89
Which muscles are responsible for the following spine movement: lateral flexion
Erector spinae (unilaterally)

Neurology SOH (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions