Cells of the CNS

Question 1

What is a neurone

Answer 1

Nerve cell that receives and integrates information then transmits electrical impulses to another neurone

Question 2

A neuron is the main communicating cell of the CNS. True or false?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Neuron - what is the function of dendrites ?

Answer 3

Extensions of the cell body. Increase the surface area for receiving information.

Question 4

Dendrites can carry both excitatory and inhibitory inputs. True or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Neuron - what is contained in the cell body (soma)

Answer 5

Nucleus and other organelles

Question 6

Neuron - cell body is where the net excitatory or net inhibitory change in membrane potential occurs. True or false?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the axon hillock?

Answer 7

Site of initiate of the AP

Question 8

Where in the neurone has the highest density of voltage activated Na+ channels?

Answer 8

Axon hillock

- this is why it is the site of initiation of AP

Question 9

Neuron - function of the axon

Answer 9

Conducts output signals as APs

Question 10

Axonal transport - anterograde direction

Answer 10

Between the soma and pre-synaptic terminal

Question 11

Axonal transport - retrograde direction

Answer 11

Back to the soma

Question 12

What is the axon covered by ?

Answer 12

Myelin sheath

Question 13

IN the CNS, the myelin sheath is composed of ?

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes

Question 14

In the PNS, the myelin sheath is composed of ?

Answer 14

Schwann cells

Question 15

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

Answer 15

Prevents current loss and increases the resistance across the membrane so that local current crosses further

Question 16

What are nodes of ranvier?

Answer 16

This is where leakage of current occurs

Question 17

What is a synapse?

Answer 17

The point of chemical communication between neurones

Question 18

Which part of the brain are the majority of neurones located in ?

Answer 18

Cerebellum

Question 19

A multipolar neurone has 2 or more dendrites. True or false?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Multipolar neurones are sensory/motor?

Answer 20

Motor neurones

Question 21

Motor neurones have cell body in CNS/PNS and axon in CNS/PNS ?

Answer 21

CNS

PNS

Question 22

Pre-synaptic neurone - cell body in CNS/PNS, axon in CNS/PNS ?

Answer 22

CNS

PNS

Question 23

Post-synaptic neurone - cell body in CNS/PNS, axon in CNS/PNS ?

Answer 23

PNS

PNS

Question 24

Unipolar neurons are sensory/motor?

Answer 24

Sensory neurones

Question 25

Unipolar neurones have cell body in CNS/PNS and axon in CNS/PNS ?

Answer 25

PNS | PNS

Question 26

What is a pseudo unipolar neurone?

Answer 26

Cell body ends to a single process but that process only travels a short distance before it bifurcates

Question 27

What is the most common cell in the CNS ?

Answer 27

Glial cell

Question 28

Glial cells can give rise to brain tumours. True or false?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Name the 4 main types of glial cell

Answer 29

Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells

Question 30

Astrocytes - appearance

Answer 30

Star shaped | - have many processes

Question 31

Astrocytes - function

Answer 31

Structural support of the brain | Maintains BBB

Question 32

Which cells are responsible for recycling glutamate?

Answer 32

Astrocytes

Question 33

What is the main cell involved in repair and scar formation?

Answer 33

Astrocyte

Question 34

Oligodendrocytes - function

Answer 34

Wraps around axons in the CNS forming the myelin sheath.

Question 35

Oligodendrocytes have a major reaction to injury. True or false?

Answer 35

False | - limited reaction to injury

Question 36

Damage to the myelin sheath can result in

Answer 36

Reduced conduction | Axons exposed to injury

Question 37

Oligodendrocyte damage is a feature of which type of disorders?

Answer 37

Demyelinating disorders

Question 38

Microglia - where do they originate from?

Answer 38

Bone marrow

Question 39

Microglia - function

Answer 39

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation. | They wait for something to happen and then become activated and invade the CNS

Question 40

Microglia - important in response to injury. True or false?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Ependymal cells - location

Answer 41

Line the ventricles of the brain

Question 42

Ependymal cells - infectious agents produce changes in these cells. true or false?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Ependymal cells have a limited response to injury. True or false?

Answer 43

True