anatomy test 1

Question 1

Differentiate saggital, frontal and transverse planes

Answer 1

saggital-spliting our body into two equal left and right parts
frontal-splitting the body into two equal front and back parts
transverse- spliting the body into two equal top and bottom halfs

Question 2

name three functions of the skeletal system

Answer 2

1 Bones support tissues and provide a framework for the body
2. bones protect organs
3. bone marrow is the site of blood cell production

Question 3

name the different types of long bones

Answer 3

femur, tibia,fibula,radius,metacarpals,metatarsals,phalanges(tubular with bone marrow)

Question 4

name the different types of short bones

Answer 4

carpals,tarsals(no bone marrow)

Question 5

name the different types of flat bones

Answer 5

scapula,clavicle, ribs,sternum, mandible, craial bones

Question 6

name the different types of irregular bones

Answer 6

facial bones, vertebrae,pelvis

Question 7

name the only sesamoid bone

Answer 7

patella(floating bone)

Question 8

whats the wormian bone

Answer 8

small jigsaw fragments,found along the sutures of the skull

Question 9

name the 4 parts of the axial skeleton

Answer 9

skull(cranium), vertebral column,sternum and the thorax or rib cage

Question 9

what is the main function of the axial skeleton?

Answer 9

To hold the body erect and protect most of the bodys vital organs such as the heart,lungs and livers

Question 10

name the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

pectoral girdle,upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb

Question 11

What makes up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 11

scapula and clavicle

Question 12

how many vertebra does the cervical have?

Answer 12

7

Question 13

how many vertebra does the thoracic vertebrae have?

Answer 13

12

Question 14

how many vertebra does the lumbar vertebrae have?

Answer 14

5

Question 15

how many vertebra does the sacrum have?

Answer 15

5 but these are fused together in adults

Question 16

how many vertebra does the coccyx have?

Answer 16

four vertebrae fused into one

Question 17

how many true,false and floating ribs do we have?

Answer 17

true:7 pairs
false: 3 pairs
floating:2pairs

Question 18

differentiate true vs false ribs

Answer 18

true ribs attach directly to the sternum while false ribs indirectly attach

Question 19

how do floating ribs attach?

Answer 19

they attach to muscles of the abdomenal wall

Question 20

explain shock absorption of the spine

Answer 20

the natural curvature of the spine acts like a spring and the intervertebral disks acts like a cushion

Question 21

Whats Kyphosis?

Answer 21

hunchback- exaggerated thoracic curvature

Question 22

Whats scoliosis?

Answer 22

abnormal lateral curvature

Question 23

whats lordosis?

Answer 23

exaggerated lumbar curvature(swayback)

Question 24

explain fibrous joints and give examples?

Answer 24

bones are connected by fibrous tissues immovable(sutures of the skull,teeth in sockets) partly movable(syndesmosis of forearm)

Question 25

explain cartilaginous joints and give examples

Answer 25

bones are connected by cartilage immovable(Epiphyseal growth plates) partly movable( intervertebral disks)

Question 26

synovial joints

Answer 26

- all are freely movable

Question 27

explain ball and socket joints and give examples

Answer 27

- allows for greatest range of motion - one bone has a ball-shaped head which sits into the concave area of second bone - EX: HIP AND SHOULDER

Question 28

explain hinge joints and give examples

Answer 28

- similar to those found on a door - allows movement in only two directions - flexion and extension - EX: ANKLE, ELBOW, AND INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS

Question 28

explain Gliding joints and give examples

Answer 28

- connects flat or slightly around surfaces - enable slight movement in one plane - EX: FACETS OF VERTEBRAE,ACROMIOCLAVICULAE, INTERCARPALS/ INTERTARSAL JOINTS

Question 29

explain pivot joints and give examples

Answer 29

-limited to rotation - allows rotatio around an axis - EX: ATLAS ANDAX, RADIOHUMERAL

Question 30

explain condyloid joints and give examples

Answer 30

- a reduced ball and socket joint allows quite a bit of movement but not as much as a ball and socket. - EX: KNEE AND KNUCKLES(METACARPAL-PHALANGEAL JOINT)

Question 31

explain saddle joints and give examples

Answer 31

- only allows ovement in 2 planes: flexion-extension,abduction and adduction, NOT ROTATION - EX: CARPAL-METACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB

Question 32

name the three connective tissues

Answer 32

tendons, ligaments and cartilage

Question 33

explain tendons

Answer 33

- strong but flexible tissue - attaches muscles the bones

Question 34

explain ligaments

Answer 34

- tough bands of fibre that join bone to bone and stabilize movement at that joint. -when torn,will not regenerate(needs surgery)

Question 35

explain cartilage

Answer 35

- rubbery tissues made up of collagen - forms a cushion/protects bones from rubbing - EX. INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS, MENISCUS ARTICULATING CARTILAGE AT THE ENDS OF LONG BONES

Question 36

whats a bursa?

Answer 36

- small fluid filled sac lined with a synovial membrane - provides a cushion and reduces friction between bones and tendond, or muscles around a joint

Question 37

whats fascia?

Answer 37

The biological fabric that holds us together(sticky wrap around muscles)

Question 38

explain forearm rotation

Answer 38

1. ULNA REMAINS STATIONARY 2. PROXIMAL END OF THE RADIUS PIVOTS(ROTATES) 3. DISTAL END OF RADIUS CROSSES OVER THE ULNA FORMING AN X