Anatomy test 2 Flashcards
(54 cards)
name the three types of muscle tissue
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
describe cardiac muscle and give an example
weblike and branching and allows for highly coordinated contriaction of the heart.
Ex;heart
describe smooth muscle and give an example
found in the walls of hollow organs throughout the body.
contractions are involuntary(automatic)
Ex; eye
describe skeletal muscle and give an example
skeletal muscle appears striated(striped) under a microscope, due to the repeating contractile unts known an sacromeres
Ex; any muscle in the body so like pectoralis major
what are the two types of muscle fibers
Fast twitch and slow twitch
describe fast twitch
anaerobi, larger, fatigue faster and have faster contraction speed that slow twitch fibres and appear white.
describe slow twitch
fibers that rely on oxygen, smaller, slower contracting, and atigue resistant and apear red.
static vs dynamic stretching?
static stretching is holding a fully stecthed position and dynamic stretching is rapidly moving a joint through its full range of motion
whats isometric and give example
one in which there is no visible change in muscle length even though the muscle and undergone muscle contraction. (NOT MOVING)
Ex. plank
whats isotonic and give example
the muscle changes length but not its tension.(SAME TENSION)
Ex. specific machines designed
whats isokinetic and give example
the neuromuscular systen can work at a constrant speed during each phase of movement agniast a preset high
resistance.(SAME MOTION(SPEED))
what auxotonic and give example
occurs when neither te force nor the length remains constant.(CHANGING TENSION)
Ex. free weights
what plyocentric and give example
A hybrid contraction in the muscle perorm an isotonic concentric contracion, but from a strecthed postion.
Ex. jump squat, jumping jack
what concetric
one in which the muscle shortens as it goes through the range of motion.
Ex. flexion of muscles
whats eccentric
one in which the muscle lengthens during the movement
Ex. extension
whats muscular strength?
commonly measured as a maximal value and can be defined as the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force agniast a resistance.
Whats Power?
the ability to oercome external resistance at a high rate of muscular contraction.
whats muscular endurance?
the ability of a muscle or muscle group to SUSTAIN a given level of force(static excercise) or to contract and relax(dynamic excercise) repeatedly at a gien resistance.
phase 2 of PNF
(pre tension phase) the trainee exerts a full static resistance agniast a artner resistance for approx 7s
phase 1 of Proprioceptive neuromuscular faciliation(PNF)
during the first active stretching stage, the muscles to be stretched are actively pulled to the ery limit of movement range performed slowly and continuosly.
phase 3 of PNF
(passive strecthing phase) the partner pushes the body further into a stretched positon almost to the point of pain. this final postion is then held with all the msucles relaxed for approx 6s.
whats an agonist muscle?
the prime mover and performs a desired action.
whats an antagonist muscle?
performs the opposite movement to the agonist and may act to CONTROL an gonist movement and slow it down.
whats a fixator?
they stabilize one attachment of a muscle so that the contraction moves the other end.
