Anatomy Test 3

Question 1

Define Somatic Senses

Answer 1

arise from stimulation of sensory receptors in the skin, mucous membranes, muscles, and tendons and joints.

Question 2

Define Special Senses

Answer 2

smell, taste, sight, hearing, and equilibrium

Question 3

Define mechanoreceptors

Answer 3

sensory receptor that detects mechanical deformation of the receptor itself or adjacent cells

Question 4

Define chemoreceptors

Answer 4

sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific chemical

Question 5

Define nociceptors

Answer 5

a free (naked) nerve ending that detects painful stimuli

Question 6

What cranial nerves are involved in the gustatory pathway?

Answer 6

facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve

Question 7

What is the clear jellylike substance found in the large cavity of the eye behind the lens called?

Answer 7

vitreous chamber

Question 8

Receptors for hearing are located in the

Answer 8

cochlea (spiral organ)

Question 9

Define Sensory adaption

Answer 9

change over time in responsiveness of the sensory system

Question 10

The endocrine system includes

Answer 10

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands.

Question 11

What two systems work closely together to maintain homeostasis throughout the body?

Answer 11

Endocrine and Nervous

Question 12

Describe the two general mechanisms of action of hormones

Answer 12

lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones

Question 13

Human growth hormone

Answer 13

promote synthesis and secretion of small protein hormones.

Question 14

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 14

stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland (osteoclasts)

Question 15

follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone

Answer 15

ovaries and testes

Question 16

Prolactin

Answer 16

initiates and maintains milk production by the mammary glands

Question 17

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Answer 17

controls the production and secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 18

Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone

Answer 18

brain activity

Question 19

Oxytocin (posterior)

Answer 19

enhances contraction of smooth muscle cells, stimulates milk ejection

Question 20

Antidiuretic Hormone (posterior)

Answer 20

decreases urine production

Question 21

List and describe the functions of blood

Answer 21

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

Question 22

What is whole blood composed of?

Answer 22

blood plasma, and formed elements

Question 23

Define thrombosis

Answer 23

clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

Question 24

Universal donor

Answer 24

O

Question 25

Universal recipient

Answer 25

AB

Question 26

Define Hematocrit

Answer 26

percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

Question 27

Describe the layers of the heart wall and the chambers of the heart

Answer 27

epicardium - outer layer myocardium - middle layer endocardium - inner layer right and left atrium and right and left ventricle

Question 28

Identify the major blood vessels that enter and exit the heart

Answer 28

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 29

How does the blood flow through the heart?

Answer 29

superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, ascending aorta, aortic arch

Question 30

Define Myocardial infarction

Answer 30

Gross necrosis of myocardial tissue due to interrupted blood supply aka: heart attack

Question 31

What hormones are involved in how the heart regulates cardiac output

Answer 31

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroid hormones

Question 32

What are the different types of blood vessels?

Answer 32

arteries, arterioles, capilaries, venules and veins.

Question 33

How does venous blood return to the heart?

Answer 33

contractions through the heart, skeletal muscle pump and the respiratory pump.

Question 34

Define blood pressure

Answer 34

the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel.

Question 35

Define nose

Answer 35

lined with mucous membrane

Question 36

Define pharynx

Answer 36

throat, passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber of speech sounds, and house tonsils, which participate in immunological responses to foreign invaders.

Question 37

Define larynx

Answer 37

voice box, connects the pharynx with the trachea

Question 38

Define trachea

Answer 38

windpipe, tubular passageway for air that is located anterior to the esophagus

Question 39

Define bronchi

Answer 39

branches of the respiratory passageway

Question 40

Define bronchioles

Answer 40

branch of the tertiary bronchus further dividing into terminal bronchioles

Question 41

Define lungs

Answer 41

main organs of respiration that lie on either side of the heart in the thoracic cavity