ANATOMY THE FOREARM Flashcards
(25 cards)
Identify the osteological features of the ulna
6
- Bony features for muscle attachments and articulations:
- Olecranon-triceps(proximal ) and anconeus
- Trochlear notch
- Radial notch
- Coronoid process
- Ulnar tuberosity- brachiallis
- Styloid process - distally
Identify the osteological features of the radius
(4)
lateral = harry
- head
- neck
- radial tuberosity
- Styloid tuberosity distally
Describe and identify the anatomy of the cubital fossa
what are the boundaries
(4)
-The cubital fossa is a triangular area on the front view of the elbow
it contains vessels ,nerves and tendons:
SUPERIOR:
-imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyles (horizontal line)
- MEDIAL (Ulnar nerve )- lateral border of pronator teres
- LATERAL (RADIAL nerve)= medial border of brachioradialis
- APEX=directed inferiorly
- ROOF= bicipital aponeurosis
- FLOOR= brachiallis
Describe the origin, course and relations of the ulnar nerve
6
- Runs medially through entire course
- passes through medial epicondyle
-Sandwhiched in between FDP+FCU
(SUPPLIES medial half of FDP)
- ULNAR CANAL
- hand muscles = deep branches
- Superfiicial branches = palmar cutaneous , digital sensation to medial half to 4th and 5th fingers
Describe the origin, course and relations of the median nerve (6) -origin -between which two muscles -through what tunnel -what does it innervate
- Median nerve = midline of forearm originates from medial and lateral chords of brachial plexus
- > ENTERs cubital fossa , passes between pronator teres
- > Runs distally sandwiched between FDS AND FDP, supplies all muscles except FCU and medial half of FDP
–>through CARPAL tunnel
–>branches to 2 main branches = innervates deep muscles of forearm and skin of lateral palm
Half loaf muscles
Half of lumbricals ,
Opponens policies
abductor policies brevis
Flexor policies brevis
Describe the innervation and action(s) of the superficial and deep groups of muscles within the anterior compartment of the forearm and identify these muscles
which 2 nerves are they innervated by ?
3 layers (4,1,3) for the deep layer remember there is underground police
- anterior front compartment , most muscles are flexors or the wrist , hand
- innervated by median nerve (all but 1.5 )
- 1.5 muscle= ulnar nerve
3 LAYERS
-most originate from medial epicondyle !
SUPERFICIAL 1-pronator teres 2-Flexor Carpi radialis 3-Palmaris longus 4-Flexor carpi ulnaris
INTERMEDIATE GROUP
1-Flexor digitorum superficialis
DEEP
1-Flexor digitorum profundus
2-Flexor pollicis longus
3-Pronator quadratus
Describe and identify the anatomy of the carpal tunnel
- contents (FD,FP, nerve)
-landmarks
(8)
- narrow passage in wrist ( forearm –>Hand)
- CONTENT: nerves + tendons
Landmarks :
1) DEEP= carpal arch = concave to palm
2) Superficial =Flexor retinaculum
- thick CT
- stops tendons from bulging
CONTENTS :
-Tendons from flexor digitorum superficialis (x4)
•Tendons from flexor digitorum profundus (x4)
•Tendon from flexor pollicis longus
•Median nerve
ANATOMY OF elbow joint
-what joint
synovial hinge joint
- humerus and ulna
- humerus + radius
- Interosseous membrane connects the radius and ulna
- flexion and extension
radioulnar joints
- What ligament
- both joints
Proximal radioulnar join :
- head of radius+ radial notch of ULNA
- annular ligament around the radius head = allows rotation
DISTAL radioulnar joint: near wrist
- Head of ulnar , ulnar notch of radius
- anterior and poster radio ulnar ligaments ( wrist ligaments )
What does the cubital fossa contain ? TAN
(3)
(3)
- TENDON - biceps Brachii tendon
- ARTERY -Brachial artery
- NERVE -Median nerve
other :
- radial , ulnar nerves
- Ulrnar, radial ,arteries
- Superficial Veins
outline the superficial muscles of anterior forearm 4)
-where do they insert ( what do they do )
- pronator Teres= inserts to radius , causes pronation (down )
- Flexor Carpi Radialis =inserts to 2nd metacarpal = flexes and abducts
Palmaris longus – inserts to flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris – inserts to 5th metacarpal, flexes, adducts
ALL INNERVATED BY MEDIAN NERVE except
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
outline the intermediate muscle of the cubital fossa - name -origin -insertion -median nerve (4)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Arises from :
- humeroulnar head (medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligaments and coronoid process of ulna)
- radial head-superior half of anterior radius
- Inserts into the middle phalanx of digits 2-5
- Flexes wrist, metacarpophalaneal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints
MEDIAN NERVE
outline the 3 deep muscles in the cubital fossa?
origin ,insertion , movement and innervation (12)
x3 muscles
1)Flexor digitorum profundus
- Arises from the ulna and the interosseous membrane
- Inserts into the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
- Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
- Lateral half = median nerve
- Medial half = Ulnar nerve
2) Flexor pollicis longus
- Arises from the radius andthe interosseous membrane
- Inserts into the distal phalanx of digit 1 (thumb)
- Flexes wrist and the joints of the thumb
- MEDIAN NERVE
3) Pronator quadratus
- Arises from the ulna
- Inserts into the radius
- Pronates the forearm
- MEDIAN NERVE
what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm? 5 extensors 1B (6) (1) what nerve?
1-Brachioradialis 2-Extensor carpi radialis longus 3-Extensor carpi radialis Brevis 4-Extensor digitorum 5-Extensor digiti minimi 6-Extensor carpi ulnaris
EC X3 EDX2 BX1
RADIAL NERVE
what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
love 2 breathe in seroyi
nerve?
5+1
1-ABductor pollicis longus 2-Extensor pollicis longus 3-Extensor pollicis brevis 4-Extensor indices 5-Supinator ALL= RADIAL NERVE
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm ?
(superficial =arise from lateral epicondyle) (6)
BRDDU
R= long and short
innervation
(1)
1-Brachioradialis 2-Extensor carpi radialis longus 3-extensory carpi radialis brevis 4-extensor digitorum 5-Extensor digiti minimi 6-Extensor carpi ulnaris
innervation is ALWAYS: RADIAL NERVE
muscles involved in
a) flexion of the hand
b) extension of the hand
c) adduction of hand (towards ur midline)
d) ABduction (away from the midline, think radius )
(4)
a) anterior forearm
b) extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis , extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum
c) Adduction: flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris
d) ABduction- flexor carpi radialis ,extensor carpi radialis longus , extensor carpi radialis brevis , abductor policies longus
Deep muscles of the posterior forearm ? SPI P= long and short innervation? love x2 breathe in seroyi
1-Supinator 2-Abductor pollicis longus 3-Extensor pollicis brevis 4-Extensor pollicis longus 5-Extensor indices
Innervation is RADIAL NERVE
why is brachioradialis important ?
2
It is in the posterior compartment of the arm = but FLEXES the arm !
doesn’t pass the wrist , attaches to distal end of radius
Insertion of the following superficial posterior compartment muscles : a) extensor carpi radialis longus b)extensor carpi radiallis brevis c)extensor digitorum d)extensor digiti minimi e) extensor carpi ulnaris ( what is their common origin ?) (5)
common origin = lateral epicondyle x humerus
a) longus: insertion : 2nd finger
b) brevis = base of middle finger (deep to longus)
c) Extensor digitorum = inserts to posterior hand extensor expansions
d) Digiti minimi =extensor expansion of the 5th digit
e) Extensor carpi ulnaris=5th
Insertion x deep posterior compartment forearm muscles :
common origin = interosseous membrane of ulnar and radius
5
love 2 be in Seoul
a) Supinator = attaches to radius , radial tuberosity
b) Abductor pollicis longus : thumb
c) Extensor pollicis brevis: proximal base of thumb
d) extensor pollicis longus :distal thumb
e) extensor indices : index finger
circulation of elbow :
2
brachial artery gives rise to radial and ulnar arteries
- 4 branches of brachial artery
- anastomose with radial , ulnar artery so if one got blocked blood can still get around !
Ulnar artery course
3
1- runs deep to pronator teres, flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
(on ulnar side )
2-through ulnar canal
3- Hand = deep palmar arch + superficial palmar arch
Radial artery course ?
2
1- deep to brachioradialis
2-superficial branch in hand , deep palmar arch
